Wnt Signaling Polarizes C. elegans Asymmetric Cell Divisions During Development

Lam, Arielle Koonyee; Phillips, Bryan T.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-53150-2_4

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 142 publications

(251 reference statements)

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“…The E and MS cells show different initial velocities, which indicates E has larger initial tension than MS. For reference, also the ABpl cell was ablated, which has still higher F-actin/NMY-2 than MS (cf. Frizzled and Disheveled homologs remain to the posterior (E) side (reviewed in Sawa and Korswagen, 2013;Lam and Phillips, 2017). Interestingly, the anterior polarizing movement of APR-1 coincides with the cortical flow (Heppert et al, 2018), and transport of this protein may be one particular role of the flow.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wnt Signaling Induces Asymmetric Dynamics in the Actomyosin Cortex of the C. elegans Endomesodermal Precursor Cell

Caroti

Thiels

Vanslambrouck

et al. 2021

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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During asymmetrical division of the endomesodermal precursor cell EMS, a cortical flow arises, and the daughter cells, endodermal precursor E and mesodermal precursor MS, have an enduring difference in the levels of F-actin and non-muscular myosin. Ablation of the cell cortex suggests that these observed differences lead to differences in cortical tension. The higher F-actin and myosin levels in the MS daughter coincide with cell shape changes and relatively lower tension, indicating a soft, actively moving cell, whereas the lower signal in the E daughter cell is associated with higher tension and a more rigid, spherical shape. The cortical flow is under control of the Wnt signaling pathway. Perturbing the pathway removes the asymmetry arising during EMS division and induces subtle defects in the cellular movements at the eight-cell stage. The perturbed cellular movement appears to be associated with an asymmetric distribution of E-cadherin across the EMS cytokinesis groove. ABpl forms a lamellipodium which preferentially adheres to MS by the E-cadherin HMR-1. The HMR-1 asymmetry across the groove is complete just at the moment cytokinesis completes. Perturbing Wnt signaling equalizes the HMR-1 distribution across the lamellipodium. We conclude that Wnt signaling induces a cortical flow during EMS division, which results in a transition in the cortical contractile network for the daughter cells, as well as an asymmetric distribution of E-cadherin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wnt Signaling Induces Asymmetric Dynamics in the Actomyosin Cortex of the C. elegans Endomesodermal Precursor Cell

Caroti

Thiels

Vanslambrouck

et al. 2021

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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“…The first divisions seen in embryonic WNT-activated hair placode cells are exclusively perpendicular and give rise to asymmetrically fated daughters (Ouspenskaia et al, 2016) (Figure 3). Correlations between WNT signaling and asymmetric cell divisions have also been described in the early Caenorhabditis elegans embryo (Lam and Phillips, 2017; Sugioka et al, 2011), as well as in ectodermal fate determination in Xenopus (Huang and Niehrs, 2014). …”

Section: Contribution and Dynamics Of Skin Stem Cells During Homeostamentioning

confidence: 94%

Skin and Its Regenerative Powers: An Alliance between Stem Cells and Their Niche

2017

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Tissues have a natural capacity to replace dying cells and to heal wounds. This ability resides in resident stem cells, which self-renew, preserve, and repair their tissue during homeostasis and following injury. The skin epidermis and its appendages are subjected to daily assaults from the external environment. A high demand is placed on renewal and regeneration of the skin’s barrier in order to protect the body from infection and dehydration and to heal wounds. This review focuses on the epithelial stem cells of skin, where they come from, where they reside, and how they function in normal homeostasis and wound repair.

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“…, 2007 ; Schneider and Bowerman, 2007 ; Baldwin and Phillips, 2014 ; Baldwin et al. , 2016 ; Vora and Phillips, 2015 ; Lam and Phillips, 2017 ). In C. elegans , centrosomal localization of the β-catenin homologue SYS-1 promotes dynamic centrosome–associated proteasomal degradation during asymmetric cell division, limiting its retention by daughter cells prior to cell fate specification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Centrosomes are required for proper β-catenin processing and Wnt response

Vora

Fassler

Phillips

2020

MBoC

Self Cite

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The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is central to metazoan development and routinely dysregulated in cancer. Wnt/β-catenin signaling initiates transcriptional reprogramming upon stabilization of the transcription factor β-catenin, which is otherwise post-translationally processed by a destruction complex and degraded by the proteasome. Since various Wnt signaling components are enriched at centrosomes, we examined the functional contribution of centrosomes to Wnt signaling, β-catenin regulation and post-translational modifications. In HEK293 cells depleted of centrosomes we find that β-catenin synthesis and degradation rates are unaffected, but that the normal accumulation of β-catenin in response to Wnt signaling is attenuated. This is due to accumulation of a novel high molecular weight form of phosphorylated β-catenin that is constitutively degraded in the absence of Wnt. Wnt signaling operates by inhibiting the destruction complex and thereby reducing destruction complex-phosphorylated β-catenin, but high molecular weight β-catenin is unexpectedly increased by Wnt signaling. Therefore these studies have identified a pool of β-catenin effectively shielded from regulation by Wnt. We present a model whereby centrosomes prevent inappropriate β-catenin modifications that antagonize normal stabilization by Wnt signals.

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Wnt Signaling Polarizes C. elegans Asymmetric Cell Divisions During Development

Cited by 22 publications

References 142 publications

Wnt Signaling Induces Asymmetric Dynamics in the Actomyosin Cortex of the C. elegans Endomesodermal Precursor Cell

Wnt Signaling Induces Asymmetric Dynamics in the Actomyosin Cortex of the C. elegans Endomesodermal Precursor Cell

Skin and Its Regenerative Powers: An Alliance between Stem Cells and Their Niche

Centrosomes are required for proper β-catenin processing and Wnt response

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