“…Secondly, the augmentation of the flow rate from 0.3 to 0.9 L/min amplifies the interaction between the FSNCZ CS photocatalyst particles and AMX molecules. This enhancement leads to an improved mass transfer rate and decomposition efficiency, reaching an optimum condition at a flow rate of 0.9 L/min 61 . Figure 9 Impact of flow rate on the decomposition of AMX in the SDPR.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…10 ). This parameter is linked to the mass transfer coefficients of the contaminants and the thickness of the fluid film 45 . Raising the disc rotation speeds from 150 to 350 rpm led to an enhancement in the AMX photodecomposition efficiency from 88.5 to 98.7%.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…S1 facilitated the photodecomposition of AMX in aqueous solutions. The operational mechanism this system has been expounded upon in prior publications 45 . In the SDPR, decomposition of AMX occurred when exposed to visible light by utilizing a thin film photocatalyst composed of FSNCZ CS nanostructure applied onto a rotating ceramic disc.…”
Conventional wastewater treatment processes are often unable to remove antibiotics with resistant compounds and low biological degradation. The need for advanced and sustainable technologies to remove antibiotics from water sources seems essential. In this regard, the effectiveness of a spinning disc photocatalytic reactor (SDPR) equipped with a visible light-activated Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2@CuO/ZnO core–shell (FSNCZ CS) thin film photocatalyst was investigated for the decomposition of amoxicillin (AMX), a representative antibiotic. Various characterization techniques, such as TEM, FESEM, EDX, AFM, XRD, and UV–Vis-DRS, were employed to study the surface morphology, optoelectronic properties, and nanostructure of the FSNCZ CS. Key operating parameters such as irradiation time, pH, initial AMX concentration, rotational speed, and solution flow rate were fine-tuned for optimization. The results indicated that the highest AMX decomposition (98.7%) was attained under optimal conditions of 60 min of irradiation time, a rotational speed of 350 rpm, a solution flow rate of 0.9 L/min, pH of 5, and an initial AMX concentration of 20 mg/L. Moreover, during the 60 min irradiation time, more than 69.95% of chemical oxygen demand and 61.2% of total organic carbon were removed. After the photocatalytic decomposition of AMX, there is a substantial increase in the average oxidation state and carbon oxidation state in SDPR from 1.33 to 1.94 and 3.2, respectively. Active species tests confirmed that ·OH and ·O2− played a dominant role in AMX decomposition. The developed SDPR, which incorporates a reusable and robust FSNCZ CS photocatalyst, demonstrates promising potential for the decomposition of organic compounds.
“…Secondly, the augmentation of the flow rate from 0.3 to 0.9 L/min amplifies the interaction between the FSNCZ CS photocatalyst particles and AMX molecules. This enhancement leads to an improved mass transfer rate and decomposition efficiency, reaching an optimum condition at a flow rate of 0.9 L/min 61 . Figure 9 Impact of flow rate on the decomposition of AMX in the SDPR.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…10 ). This parameter is linked to the mass transfer coefficients of the contaminants and the thickness of the fluid film 45 . Raising the disc rotation speeds from 150 to 350 rpm led to an enhancement in the AMX photodecomposition efficiency from 88.5 to 98.7%.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…S1 facilitated the photodecomposition of AMX in aqueous solutions. The operational mechanism this system has been expounded upon in prior publications 45 . In the SDPR, decomposition of AMX occurred when exposed to visible light by utilizing a thin film photocatalyst composed of FSNCZ CS nanostructure applied onto a rotating ceramic disc.…”
Conventional wastewater treatment processes are often unable to remove antibiotics with resistant compounds and low biological degradation. The need for advanced and sustainable technologies to remove antibiotics from water sources seems essential. In this regard, the effectiveness of a spinning disc photocatalytic reactor (SDPR) equipped with a visible light-activated Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2@CuO/ZnO core–shell (FSNCZ CS) thin film photocatalyst was investigated for the decomposition of amoxicillin (AMX), a representative antibiotic. Various characterization techniques, such as TEM, FESEM, EDX, AFM, XRD, and UV–Vis-DRS, were employed to study the surface morphology, optoelectronic properties, and nanostructure of the FSNCZ CS. Key operating parameters such as irradiation time, pH, initial AMX concentration, rotational speed, and solution flow rate were fine-tuned for optimization. The results indicated that the highest AMX decomposition (98.7%) was attained under optimal conditions of 60 min of irradiation time, a rotational speed of 350 rpm, a solution flow rate of 0.9 L/min, pH of 5, and an initial AMX concentration of 20 mg/L. Moreover, during the 60 min irradiation time, more than 69.95% of chemical oxygen demand and 61.2% of total organic carbon were removed. After the photocatalytic decomposition of AMX, there is a substantial increase in the average oxidation state and carbon oxidation state in SDPR from 1.33 to 1.94 and 3.2, respectively. Active species tests confirmed that ·OH and ·O2− played a dominant role in AMX decomposition. The developed SDPR, which incorporates a reusable and robust FSNCZ CS photocatalyst, demonstrates promising potential for the decomposition of organic compounds.
“…Dyes from industrial wastewater are considered important water pollution due to their unique properties, such as stability and solubility, which cause a high prevalence and durability in the water triggering adverse effect on ecosystems and human health 5 . Photocatalysis has emerged as an innovative technology for degradation dyes in wastewater due to its effectiveness, low cost, and environmentally friendly 6,7 . In photocatalysis, when a semiconductor is irradiated, an electron–hole pair is generated, which forms reactive species that degrade water pollutants and transform them into less hazardous molecules such as H 2 O and CO 2 until their mineralization 8 .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…5 Photocatalysis has emerged as an innovative technology for degradation dyes in wastewater due to its effectiveness, low cost, and environmentally friendly. 6,7 In photocatalysis, when a semiconductor is irradiated, an electron-hole pair is generated, which forms reactive species that degrade water pollutants and transform them into less hazardous molecules such as H 2 O and CO 2 until their mineralization. 8 The photocatalyst properties are an essential factor in photocatalytic activity, previous literature reports show that the smaller nanoparticles (NPs) increased the dye photodegradation, this behavior is attributed to high surface area and chemical reactivity.…”
The presence of dyes in water can have severe health and environmental implications; consequently, effective technologies are required to remove them. In this research, ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) have been synthesized by eco‐friendly methods, using Arctostaphylos pungens extract, for use in water treatment via photocatalysis. The extract concentration strongly influenced the properties of ZnO NPs, the bandgap values revealed a direct dependence as the extract concentration increased, obtaining 2.81, 2.88, and 2.92 eV for 1%, 2%, and 4% w/v (weight/volume), respectively. In contrast, the NPs presented quasi‐spherical morphologies with a decrease in size from 24, 20, and 17 nm in response to extract concentration variations. The ZnO formation was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared, energy‐dispersive x‐ray, and x‐ray diffraction. ZnO NPs showed high photocatalytic activity with the dyes methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) under UV light, achieving 96% photodegradation of MB in just 60 min. Meanwhile, MO showed 93% of degradation at 180 min. Additionally, under solar radiation, significant photocatalytic activity was also observed, obtaining 92% and 81% photodegradation for MB and MO, respectively. The results indicate that ZnO NPs green synthesized using A. pungens extract can be used in water treatment as a friendly and efficient catalyst for the photodegradation of dyes.
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