Woeseia oceani gen. nov., sp. nov., a chemoheterotrophic member of the order Chromatiales, and proposal of Woeseiaceae fam. nov.

Abstract

Woeseia oceani gen. nov., sp. nov., a chemoheterotrophic member of the order Chromatiales, and proposal of Woeseiaceae fam. nov. A novel Gram-stain-negative, rods or bent rods, facultatively anaerobic, oxidase-negative and catalase-positive bacterium, designated XK5 T , was isolated from coastal sediment from Xiaoshi Island, Weihai, China. Optimal growth occurred at 28-35 8C (range 8-42 8C) and pH 7.0-8.0 (range pH 6.0-9.0) with 1-3 % (w/v) NaCl (range 0.5-8 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain XK5 T was 92.1 % similar to the type strain of Thioalkalivibrio thiocyanodenitrificans, 91.9 % to the type strain of Thioalkalivibrio sulfidiphilus and 91.8 % to the type strain of Thioalkalivibrio denitrificans; similarity to other species was less than 91 %. The isolate and closely related environmental clones formed a novel family level clade in the order Chromatiales. The polar lipid profile of the novel isolate consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and some other unknown phospholipids, aminolipids and lipids. Major cellular fatty acids were iso-C 17 : 1 v9c and iso-C 15 : 0 and the main respiratory lipoquinone was Q-8. The DNA G+C content of strain XK5 T was 59.3 mol%. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and characterization indicated that strain XK5 T represents a novel species of a new genus within a novel family of the order Chromatiales, for which the name Woeseia oceani gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Woeseia oceani is XK5 T (5ATCC BAA-2615 T 5CICC 10905 T ). In addition, a novel family name, Woeseiaceae fam. nov., is proposed to accommodate the genus Woeseia.In the past, the taxonomy of bacteria was entirely based on simple phenotypic characteristics (Imhoff, 2005), which aroused a long-time dispute about the taxonomic position of the bacteria now classified as the Ectothiorhodospiraceae since their discovery by Pelsh (1936). Members of the Ectothiorhodospiraceae were previously treated as a genus of the Chromatiaceae. Until recently, with the application of phylogenetic taxonomy of 16S rRNA, the Ectothiorhodospiraceae was separated as a family distinct from the family Chromatiaceae (Imhoff, 1984). At the time of writing, the order Chromatiales contains five families, according to the List of Prokaryotic Names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN; Euzéby, 1997), and members of the order are famous for their various types of metabolism, such as photoautotrophic, photoheterotrophic, chemoautotrophic and chemoheterotrophic. Most phototrophic bacteria in the order Chromatiales can utilize reduced sulfur compounds as electron donors, which forms highly refractile globules of elemental sulfur; the family Chromatiaceae deposit the sulfur globules inside the cells while the Ectothiorhodospiraceae outside (Pfennig & Trüper, 1974). In this study, a novel chemoheterotrophic bacterium that had significant differences with the members of the Ectothiorhodospiraceae, the closest relatives of the novel isolate, is reported. Based o...

Microbial metal‐sulfide oxidation in inactive hydrothermal vent chimneys suggested by metagenomic and metaproteomic analyses

“…Contradicting the initial attribution of Thiogranum to Ectothiorhodospiraceae (Mori et al, ), the phylogenetic tree reconstructions of basal Gammaproteobacteria based on 16S rRNA genes and concatenated marker genes in this work affiliated it robustly as a sister branch to the Woeseiaceae/JTB255 clade (Du et al, ; Dyksma et al, ; Mußmann et al, ). Although the name giving isolate, Woeseia oceanii , is a heterotroph (Du et al, ), genomic bins attributed to Woeseiaceae in this and other studies exhibit a chemolithoautotrophic potential (Baker et al, ; Dyksma et al, ; Mußmann et al, ). Confirming this prediction, we detected proteins indicating that Woeseiaceae are the main carbon fixers in aerobic inactive chimney communities sampled in this study.…”

“…Throughout different tree calculations, the clusters remained stable and distinct from known gammaproteobacterial families. The clusters of Thiogranum sequences form a monophyletic family‐level branch (based on criteria by Yarza et al, ) with the Woeseiaceae , previously referred to as sediment JTB255‐clade (Du et al, ; Mußmann et al, ). Therefore, Thiogranum and related genera would be an extension to the Woeseiaceae family.…”

“…We also managed to obtain the first genomic information for the recently isolated genus Thiogranum (Mori et al, 2015). Contradicting the initial attribution of Thiogranum to Ectothiorhodospiraceae (Mori et al, 2015), the phylogenetic tree reconstructions of basal Gammaproteobacteria based on 16S rRNA genes and concatenated marker genes in this work affiliated it robustly as a sister branch to the Woeseiaceae/JTB255 clade (Du et al, 2016;Dyksma et al, 2016;Mußmann et al, 2017). Although the name giving isolate, Woeseia oceanii, is a heterotroph (Du et al, 2016), genomic bins attributed to Woeseiaceae in this and other studies exhibit a chemolithoautotrophic potential (Baker et al, 2015;Dyksma et al, 2016;Mußmann et al, 2017).…”

“…Clusters containing the majority of reconstructed gammaproteobacterial sequences appear to be novel family-level clades (Yarza et al, 2014). The only cultured representatives of these clades are sulfur-oxidizing bacteria of the genera Thiohalophilus, Thiogranum (currently Ectothiorhodospiraceae) and Sedimenticola, as well as of the hetero-electrotrophic Candidatus Tenderia and the heterotrophic Woeseiaceae isolate Woeseia oceanii (Sorokin et al, 2002(Sorokin et al, , 2007Narasingarao and Haggblom, 2006;Flood et al, 2015;Mori et al, 2015;Du et al, 2016) (Supporting Information Fig. S3a,b).…”

Sulfuriflexus mobilis gen. nov., sp. nov., a sulfur-oxidizing bacterium isolated from a brackish lake sediment

“…The original description of the order Chromatiales contains three families, Chromatiaceae, Ectothiorhodospiraceae and Halothiobacillaceae (Imhoff, 2005), and four families, Granulosicoccaceae (Lee et al, 2007), Thioalkalispiraceae (Mori et al, 2011), Wenzhouxiangellaceae (Wang et al, 2015), and Woeseiaceae (Du et al, 2016) have subsequently been added in the order. In the present study, a novel chemolithoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacterium, strain aks1 T , was isolated and characterized as a representative of the type species of a new genus is in this order.…”