Wolbachia and cytoplasmic incompatibility in the spider mites Tetranychus urticae and T. turkestani

Abstract

Link to publication Citation for published version (APA):Breeuwer, J. A. J. (1997). Wolbachia and cytoplasmic incompatibility in the spider mites Tetranychus urticae and T. turkestani. Heredity, 79, 41-47. DOI: 10.1038/hdy.1997 General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulationsIf you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. Wolbachia form a group of closely related intracellular Proteobacteria that manipulate reproduction of their arthropod host in various ways. They are widespread in insects, but have not been not looked for in other arthropods except a few isopods and a predatory mite. Recently, Wolbachia were demonstrated to be widespread in mites also. Here, I report that Wolbachia induce cytoplasmic incompatibility in two spider mite species, Tetranychus urticae and T. turkestani, in crosses between infected and uninfected individuals. Uninfected mites were derived from the infected lineage by antibiotic treatment. Similar to other examples of cytoplasmic incompatibility, subsequent crosses between uninfected (cured) female and infected male spider mites were different from all other cross combinations. This suggests that the dynamics and evolution in Wolbachia-mite relationships may share many features with the Wolbachiainsect systems. Interestingly, the incompatible cross showed high F 1 zygotic mortality among females, but not among males. This zygotic mortality in the haplodiploid spider mites was in sharp contrast to the phenotypic effects of cytoplasmic incompatibility reported previously in haplodiploid insects. In the latter, cytoplasmic incompatibility results in all male or male-biased offspring because of haploidization of the fertilized egg with little or no zygotic mortality. Possible explanations are low bacterial densities and the different, holokinetic chromosome structure in spider mites.

Wolbachia-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility in Japanese populations of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae)

“…Wolbachia can affect reproduction of spider mites and can cause CI in hosts, as in insects (Breeuwer 1997;Vala et al 2000Vala et al , 2003Perrot-Minnot et al 2002;Gotoh et al 2003Gotoh et al , 2005. On the other hand, there are many examples that Wolbachia infection does not induce any reproductive abnormalities to insect hosts (Hoffmann et al 1994(Hoffmann et al , 1996Giordano et al 1995) or to spider mite hosts (Gomi et al 1997;Gotoh et al 1999Gotoh et al , 2003Perrot-Minnot et al 2002;Xie et al 2006).…”

“…Summer-form females are known to occur in two color forms: green and reddish. CI of T. urticae (red-form) was first found through crossing experiments between antibiotic-treated females and untreated males in a Dutch population (Breeuwer 1997). Our previous survey of Wolbachia infection in Japanese spider mites revealed that two out of three green-form populations of T. urticae were infected with Wolbachia showing no CI, whereas none of six red-form populations harbored Wolbachia (Gotoh et al 2003).…”

“…Wolbachia infections have been associated with various reproductive abnormalities in the hosts, such as cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), parthenogenesis, feminization and male-killing (O'Neill et al 1997;Stouthamer et al 1999). The most common effect of Wolbachia in many insects and mites is CI (O'Neill et al 1997;Breeuwer 1997). In spider mites CI is expressed through a male-biased sex ratio and/or a low egg hatch (van Opijnen and Breeuwer 1999;Perrot-Minnot et al 2002;Gotoh et al 2005), although incompatibility in haplodiploids in general is expected to produce all-male progeny or a male-biased sex ratio without any death of eggs (Breeuwer and Werren 1990;Breeuwer 1997, but see Vavre et al 2000).…”

“…The most common effect of Wolbachia in many insects and mites is CI (O'Neill et al 1997;Breeuwer 1997). In spider mites CI is expressed through a male-biased sex ratio and/or a low egg hatch (van Opijnen and Breeuwer 1999;Perrot-Minnot et al 2002;Gotoh et al 2005), although incompatibility in haplodiploids in general is expected to produce all-male progeny or a male-biased sex ratio without any death of eggs (Breeuwer and Werren 1990;Breeuwer 1997, but see Vavre et al 2000). The reproductive compatibility can be recovered by removing Wolbachia from spider mites by rearing mites on a diet with antibiotics or by rearing them under high temperatures (Stouthamer et al 1990; Gomi et al 1997;van Opijnen and Breeuwer 1999;Gotoh et al 2007).…”

Negative Evidence of Wolbachia in the Predaceous Mite Phytoseiulus persimilis

“…Unidirectional CI is the most common effect induced by Wolbachia (Stouthamer et al 1999). CI has been demonstrated in several arthropod hosts including spider mites (Breeuwer 1997;Perrot-Minnot et al 2002;Vala et al 2002) and a predaceous mite (Johanowicz and Hoy 1998a, b). Unidirectional CI typically occurs in crosses between Wolbachiauninfected females and infected males (Werren 1997) and usually results in a reduced number of viable offspring and/or a male-biased sex ratio.…”