Wolf Spider Sociobiology: I. Agonistic Display and Dominance-Subordinance Relations in Adult Male Schizocosa Crassipes

Aspey, Wayne P.

doi:10.1163/156853977x00063

Cited by 56 publications

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“…It is also possible that the absence of density dependence in this treatment is an artifact of continually reintroducing subordinate individuals predisposed to emigrate. Previous studies have indicated that S. ocreata juveniles and adult males exhibit leg-waving displays when encountering a conspecific (Aspey 1975(Aspey , 1976; called S. crassipes by Aspey). Adult male S. ocreata form dominant-subordinate hierarchies (Aspey 1976), though it is unknown whether Schizocosa spiderlings exhibit similar behavior.…”

Section: Effects Of Conspecifics On Emigration Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have indicated that S. ocreata juveniles and adult males exhibit leg-waving displays when encountering a conspecific (Aspey 1975(Aspey , 1976; called S. crassipes by Aspey). Adult male S. ocreata form dominant-subordinate hierarchies (Aspey 1976), though it is unknown whether Schizocosa spiderlings exhibit similar behavior. Future experiments could clarify whether a constant but random proportion of the spider population emigrated daily, or whether it was a subpopulation of subordinate individuals that reemigrated each day that they were reintroduced.…”

Section: Effects Of Conspecifics On Emigration Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of prey availability and conspecifics on patch quality for a cannibalistic forager: laboratory experiments with the wolf spider Schizocosa

Wagner

Wise

1997

Oecologia

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Because cannibals are potentially both predator and prey, the presence of conspecifics and alternative prey may act together to influence the rate at which cannibals prey upon each other or emigrate from a habitat patch. Wolf spiders (Lycosidae) are cannibalistic-generalist predators that hunt for prey with a sit-and-wait strategy characterized by changes in foraging site. Little information is available on how both prey abundance and the presence of conspecifics influence patch quality for these cursorial, non-web-building spiders. To address this question, laboratory experiments were conducted with spiderlings and older juveniles of the lycosid genus Schizocosa. The presence of insect prey consistently reduced rates of spider emigration when spiders were housed either alone or in groups. Solitary juvenile Schizocosa that had been recently collected from the field exhibited a median giving-up time (GUT) of 10 h in the absence of prey (Collembola); providing Collembola increased the median GUT to 64 h. For solitary spiders, the absence of prey increased by about fourfold the rate of emigration during the first 24 h. In contrast, for spiders in patches with a high density of conspecifics, the absence of prey increased the 24-h emigration rate by only 1.6-fold. For successful cannibals in the no-prey patches, the presence of conspecifics improved patch quality by providing a source of food. Mortality by cannibalism was affected by both prey availability and openness of the patch to net emigration. In patches with no net emigration, the presence of prey reduced rates of cannibalism from 79% to 57%. Spiders in patches open to emigration but not immigration experienced a rate of cannibalism (16%) that was independent of prey availability. The results of these experiments indicate that for a cannibalistic forager such as the wolf spider Schizocosa, (1) the presence of conspecifics can improve average patch quality when prey are absent, and (2) cannibalism has the potential to be a significant mortality factor under natural field conditions because cannibalism persisted in prey patches that were open to emigration.

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Section: Effects Of Conspecifics On Emigration Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Conspecifics On Emigration Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of prey availability and conspecifics on patch quality for a cannibalistic forager: laboratory experiments with the wolf spider Schizocosa

Wagner

Wise

1997

Oecologia

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“…Dominant animals have increased opportunity to access good shelter, food and a mating partner, whereas subordinate animals can be rescued from severe injury or death. Dominance hierarchies are formed in various species of arthropods including crickets (Alexander, 1961), spiders (Aspey, 1977), cockroach (Ewing, 1974), lobsters (Fiedler, 1965), hermit crabs (Hazlett, 1968) and crayfish (Bovbjerg, 1953). Decapod crustaceans, in particular, are good models with which to characterize dominance order both physiologically and behaviourally (Fujimoto et al, 2011;Sato and Nagayama, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interlocking of chelae is a key factor for dominance hierarchy formation in crayfish

Ueno

Nagayama

2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYWe characterized the role of chelae during agonistic encounters of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii. Physical asymmetries in body length, body mass and chelae size were directly related to dominance hierarchy formation. More than 80% of winning crayfish had longer body and chelae lengths, and winners were usually heavier in body mass, even if their differences were less than 3% compared with losing opponents. In mismatched pairings, large crayfish with short chelae were beaten by small crayfish with large chelae. Three physical elements of body length, body mass and chelae length equally affected the outcome of agonistic bouts. Chelae restriction, in which chelae were tightly closed using rubber bands, affected the outcome of agonistic bouts between large and small crayfish. Before chelae restriction, large crayfish won in all pairings. Following chelae restriction for at least 30days from the first encounters, the winning rate of large crayfish that were previous winners decreased significantly in the second encounters against the same opponents that were previous losers. The handicap of chelae restriction significantly prolonged the time to formation of the winner-loser relationship. Individual fights escalated during agonistic bouts between large crayfish with one chela restricted and small crayfish with intact chelae, whereas the number of fights increased but the duration of individual fights did not increase in large crayfish with both chelae restricted. Furthermore, when the chelae of both large and small crayfish were disabled, the dominance order was frequently not formed during 30min of agonistic bouts. Preventing chelae from interlocking prevented escalation of agonistic bouts. We show that interlocking of chelae acted as a key factor for the formation of dominance hierarchy.

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“…Dominance hierarchies are formed in various species of arthropods including crickets (Alexander, 1961), spiders (Aspey, 1977), cockroaches (Ewing, 1974), lobsters (Fiedler, 1965), hermit crabs (Hazlett, 1968) and crayfish (Bovbjerg, 1953). Some species of vertebrates including mice (Long, 1972;Bronson and Marsden, 1973), golden hamsters (Goldman and Swanson, 1975), rhesus monkeys (Bernstein and Gordon, 1974) and birds (Gottier, 1968) also form dominance hierarchies.…”

Section: Development Of Agonistic Bouts During Growth Of Crayfishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of agonistic encounters in dominance hierarchy formation in juvenile crayfish

Sato

Nagayama

2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYWe have characterized the behavioural patterns of crayfish during agonistic bouts between groups of crayfish of four different body lengths (9-19, 20-32, 41-48 and 69-75mm) to characterize changes in the patterns of agonistic encounter during development. The behaviour of both dominant and subordinate animals was analysed by single frame measurement of video recordings. Behavioural acts that occurred during agonistic bouts were categorized as one of seven types: capture, fight, contact, approach, retreat, tailflip and neutral. Dominant-subordinate relationships were formed between juvenile crayfish as early as the third stage of development. Patterns of agonistic bouts to determine social hierarchy became more aggressive during development. The dominant-subordinate relationship was usually determined after contact in crayfish of less than 20mm and 20-32mm in length, while several bouts of fights were necessary for crayfish of 41-48 and 69-75mm in length. Furthermore, social hierarchy was formed more rapidly in small crayfish. In larger animals, the number of approaches by dominant animals that promoted retreat in subordinate animals increased after the establishment of the winner-loser relationship. In smaller crayfish, in contrast, no measurable changes in these behaviour patterns were observed before and after the establishment of the winner-loser relationship. With increasing body size, the probability of tailflips decreased while that of retreats increased as the submissive behavioural act of subordinate animals.

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Wolf Spider Sociobiology: I. Agonistic Display and Dominance-Subordinance Relations in Adult Male Schizocosa Crassipes

Cited by 56 publications

References 0 publications

Influence of prey availability and conspecifics on patch quality for a cannibalistic forager: laboratory experiments with the wolf spider Schizocosa

Influence of prey availability and conspecifics on patch quality for a cannibalistic forager: laboratory experiments with the wolf spider Schizocosa

Interlocking of chelae is a key factor for dominance hierarchy formation in crayfish

Development of agonistic encounters in dominance hierarchy formation in juvenile crayfish

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