“…These growing financial pressures have created a disadvantage for junior faculty as more emphasis is placed on clinical activities, which ultimately impede the research and teaching missions that are linked to promotion. This primary emphasis placed on an institution's revenue generation positions females at a further disadvantage because females tend to enjoy less advancement in academia (AAMC, 2003), find themselves more frequently in junior faculty-clinical track positions (Hirshbein, Fitzgerald, & Riba, 2004), have a tendency to be more willing to be a team player (e.g., Eagly & Crowley, 1986;Eagly & Johnson, 1990;Eagly & Wood, 1991), and receive less funding for research. For example, men received $8.6 billion in extramural funding and women received $2 billion in 1999 based on NIH statistics (Williams, 2000).…”