Women and Trade: The Role of Trade in Promoting Gender Equality

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doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1541-6

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…C'est ainsi qu'on peut relever par exemple qu'en 2022, l'indice d'inégalité de genre (IIG), en Russie, est de 0.203, en Géorgie June 2023 edition Vol. 19,No.16 www.eujournal.org 234 de 0,280 et un peu plus élevé dans les pays du Sud où il atteint 0.541 pour le Gabon, 0.564 pour la République du Congo et 0.565 au Cameroun 1 L'enclin sur le commerce et l'autonomisation économique des femmes en zone CEMAC nous ramène aussi, bien évidemment, à la question plus large de l'atteinte de l'égalité des genres dans les échanges commerciaux en zone CEMAC. Pour cela, et dans l'objectif d'une équité, les hommes et les femmes doivent être en mesure de jouir des mêmes opportunités économiques.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Et, l'autonomisation des femmes est un processus et le biais par lequel la vie des femmes est transformée. Passant ainsi d'une situation dans laquelle elles ont des pouvoirs 1 Cf. Rapport sur le développement humain 2021/2022 : Temps incertains, vies bouleversées : façonner notre avenir dans un monde en mutation, New York, Programme des Nations unies pour le développement, sept 2022, 337 p. 2 Des cibles privilégiées ont été identifiées pour bénéficier de toutes les formes de ressources tant au niveau international qu'au plan national pour qu'à l'horizon 2030 la pauvreté la plus abjecte soit éliminée sinon réduite de manière substantielle dans les pays les moins avancés en termes de développement.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Commerce et Autonomisation des Femmes en Zone CEMAC

Mbang

2023

ESJ

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Le présent article a pour objectif de montrer la contribution du commerce international à l’amélioration de l’autonomie des femmes dans les pays de la zone CEMAC (Communauté Economique et Monétaire de l’Afrique Centrale) sur la période 1980-2020 et proviennent de la Banque Mondiale (2020). La modélisation de la relation entre le commerce et l’autonomisation de la femme s’inspire de l’équation de la demande relative des facteurs, formulée par Brown et Christensen (1981). Le test de Hausman montre que l’estimateur approprié pour l’étude est le Pooled Mean Group (PMG). Les résultats dévoilent que le développement du commerce international augmente significativement la part relative de la main d’œuvre féminine et donc l’autonomisation des femmes à long terme en raison des emplois qu’il crée dans le secteur extérieur. Les qualifications de plus en plus croissantes des femmes semblent leur permettre de saisir les opportunités d’emplois dans le secteur extérieur en zone CEMAC. Il est donc recommandé de poursuivre les efforts de création d’une zone de libre-échange intercontinentale africaine. This study aims to show the contribution of international trade to the improvement of the autonomy of women in the countries of the CEMAC (Central African Economic and Monetary Community) zone over the 1980-2020 period and come from the World Bank (2020). The modeling of the relationship between trade and female empowerment is inspired by the relative factor demand equation formulated by Brown and Christensen (1981). The Hausman test shows that the appropriate estimator for the study is the Pooled Mean Group (PMG). The results show that the development of international trade significantly increases the relative share of female labor and therefore the long-term empowerment of women because of the jobs it creates in the external sector. The increasing qualifications of women seem to enable them to seize job opportunities in the external sector in the CEMAC zone. It is therefore recommended authority continue efforts to create a zone for the creation of an African intercontinental free trade area.

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Commerce et Autonomisation des Femmes en Zone CEMAC

Mbang

2023

ESJ

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“…Boosting the participation of women entrepreneurs in international trade makes countries’ economies more competitive ( Kabeer, 2012 ; International Trade Centre, 2015 ) and contributes to the advancement of sustainable development goals. In this mission to potentiate women-owned export businesses, various reports have explored business constraints they face in export markets (e.g., Orser et al, 2004 ; Brenton et al, 2011 , 2013 ; Lee et al, 2016 ; Pozarny, 2016 ; Welch et al, 2016 ; Rosenbaum, 2017 , 2019 ; Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Secretariat, 2017 ; Shepherd and Stone, 2017 ; World Bank, 2020 ; Davies and Mazhikeyev, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of intimate partner violence against women in international micro and small enterprises relationships: The mediator role of capabilities

Ponce-Gómez

Vara-Horna²,

Mañé³

et al. 2022

Front. Psychol.

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While previous studies have explored multiple constraints affecting women exporters, the effects of intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) are still unexplored in the literature. Thus, this study aims to probe first whether women owners of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in export markets experience IPVAW. Secondly, it aims to explore the effect of IPVAW on their relationship quality with business partners, mediated by the performance of export capabilities. Using a structured questionnaire applied through personal interviews, we surveyed 57 female owners of exporting MSEs in Peru. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data and test the model. The preliminary findings indicate that women exporters who experience IPVAW are more likely to face problems performing export capabilities. In turn, these performance problems seem to affect the quality of their relationships with importers and suppliers. Moreover, there is a direct relationship between IPVAW and problems in performing export capabilities and between issues performing capabilities and the relationship quality. Our theoretical contribution is a conceptual model that proposes the variable “Problems Performing Capabilities” as a mediator to measure the effects of IPVAW on exporting MSEs owned by women. Our findings urge policymakers and trade organizations boosting women-owned export enterprises to include initiatives that address and prevent IPVAW in their export promotion programs.

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Gender, Business and the Law

Fröhlich

Petrovic

Lepetić

2023

Springer Textbooks in Law

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This chapter deals with gender equality in business law. For some time now, gender diversity has played an important role in the composition of dispute resolution bodies, boards of directors and supervisory boards, forcing the companies concerned to take action. The underlying initiatives of the EU regarding gender quotas in companies, as described in the chapter, are beginning to have an effect, as developments in the banking and financial sector also show. Although the European internal market and its fundamental freedoms do not have a direct impact, the European Union is strongly committed to the protection of gender equality, the economic empowerment of women as well as female entrepreneurship. This chapter explains in detail how forms of enterprises, financing options, education and networking can support women to become entrepreneurs and play a crucial role in business decision-making. Finally, the chapter describes the impact of international trade and investment agreements in this field. Gender mainstreaming now takes place in all recent trade agreements and opens up new opportunities for women. Although investment agreements secure and support foreign investments, which are needed to improve the welfare of states and their citizens, they also could undermine the promotion of gender equality in the investor state. These new changes could jeopardise the investment as national rules will be legally obliged to be changed.

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Women and Trade: The Role of Trade in Promoting Gender Equality

Cited by 8 publications

References 105 publications

Commerce et Autonomisation des Femmes en Zone CEMAC

Commerce et Autonomisation des Femmes en Zone CEMAC

Effects of intimate partner violence against women in international micro and small enterprises relationships: The mediator role of capabilities

Gender, Business and the Law

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