Women as Care Managers: The Effect of Gender and Partnership Status on Grandparent Care for Grandchildren

Abstract

Grandparental care of grandchildren is a highly gendered institution, with women being more likely to participate in it than men. This article studies whether and why care by grandmothers and grandfathers is infl uenced by their family arrangement. Following previous research, the authors focus on the mediating role of grandmothers in the involvement of men in caring for their grandchildren. We use a combination of quantitative and qualitative data about grandparents with small grandchildren (under ten years of age). The quantitative analysis is based on SHARE data and identifi es whether the involvement in care depends on gender and the partnership arrangements of grandparents, controlling for a number of other characteristics of families. The analysis reveals a strong positive impact of the presence of a partner on the engagement of men (but not women) in grandparental care. This effect is present among both intact families and families with more complex arrangements. The qualitative analysis of 20 interviews with mothers and 20 interviews with grandmothers provides a deeper understanding of these results. It shows that the involvement of grandparents is shaped by the gender-specifi c notions of care competence and grandparental roles held by the participants and also by the kin-keeping activities of women. Grandmothers, compared to their male counterparts, are perceived as more capable of satisfying the needs of a small child. They also do more work on maintaining intergenerational family relationships and arranging care. They actively (sometimes in very sophisticated ways) involve their partners in the care of grandchildren.

Grandparenting relations in advertising’s ‘familial fictions’

“…Until recently few studies have focused on grandfathers, reflecting the broader cultural conflation of grandparent and grandmother roles (Buchanan, 2018). This is underpinned by normative assumptions about women as experts in practical childcare and responsible for the emotional, relational work of kin-keeping, with grandfathers expected to focus on entertaining grandchildren and passing on knowledge, skills or interests (Marhánková and Štípková, 2015). There is, however, growing evidence of gender boundaries blurring within grandparenting roles.…”

“…This raises questions about how grandparenting relations intersect with gender, race, class, sexuality and disability, for example. Many studies highlight how grandparenting relations are ‘influenced by gendered conceptions of care’ (Marhánková and Štípková, 2015: 932). For example, the ‘matrilinear advantage’ makes maternal grandparents more likely to be involved in intergenerational support (Timonen, 2019).…”

“…The Principal ad dramatizes the conflict between self-actualization and selflessness experienced by many grandparents (Moore and Rosenthal, 2017). The grandfather saving something of sentimental value alludes to the softening of traditional masculine discourse (Mann et al, 2016), while the suggestion that the move was initiated by mother-grandmother conversations around childcare reinforces kin-keeping as a gendered practice (Marhánková and Štípková, 2015).…”