Despite women's gains in higher education degree achievement in recent years, women still lag behind their male peers in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) degree persistence and completion (DiPrete & Buchmann, 2013;Perez-Felkner, 2019). Women's precollege experiences and background characteristics shape their entry into STEM degrees; these include mathematics ability beliefs, STEM course-taking patterns in high school, and quality of precollege instruction (Hill, Corbett, & St Rose, 2010;Ma, 2011;Perez-Felkner, Nix, & Thomas, 2017). Importantly, however, student characteristics and precollege experiences do not fully explain the perception of a gendered chilly climate on campus (Hurtado et al., 2011;Morris & Daniel, 2008).
BackgroundPostsecondary institutional climates matter as well to women's STEM degree achievement. Sandler (1982, 1984) assert that chilly climates in traditionally masculine fields are fostered and perpetuated by students, faculty, and staff, as women experience isolation, microaggressions, and discrimination from male peers and faculty. Since Hall and Sandler developed the concept of "chilly climates" for women in STEM, practitioners and researchers alike have observed women experience differential treatment that discourages their learning and persistence in those fields. However, few studies have attempted to quantitatively evaluate the institutional features of chilly climates. To address this gap, we used nationally representative Integrated Postsecondary Data System (IPEDS) data from 2007-2009 to assess STEM degree outcomes by institution. The most recent IPEDS reporting cycle to include a battery of questions