Women, drugs and HIV

Azim, Tasnim; Bontell, Irene; Strathdee, Steffanie A.

doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2014.09.003

Cited by 120 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…3,5 FSW who are drug-dependent or inebriated may have greater difficulty negotiating condom use or safer injection, and experiencing drug withdrawal symptoms can lead FSW to agree to clients' demands for unprotected sex. 6 As a result, HIV prevalence among FSW who inject drugs (FSW-PWID) was 12 % compared to 5 % among other FSW in these two cities. 3 Given the risks of HIV associated with injection drug use and sex work and the considerable social, economic, and medical consequences, there is a need to assess strategies that encourage or support cessation of injection as a primary goal of harm reduction for FSW-PWID.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of Injection Cessation and Relapse among Female Sex Workers who Inject Drugs in Two Mexican-US Border Cities

et al. 2015

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We know little about predictors of injection drug cessation and relapse among female sex workers who inject drugs (FSW-PWID) at the US-Mexico border. Among HIV-negative FSW-PWID taking part in a behavioral intervention study in Tijuana and Ciudad Juárez, Cox regression was used to identify predictors of time to first cessation of injection, which was defined as reporting not having injected drugs for a period of 4 months or longer, and among that subset, we examined predictors of time to injection relapse. Among 440 women, 84 (19 %) reported ceasing injection during follow-up (median time to cessation = 9.3 months); of these, 30 (35 %) reported relapse to injection (median time to relapse = 3.5 months). The rate of injection cessation was lower for women reporting trading sex prior to age 18 (adj. hazard ratio (HR) = 0.64, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 0.41-1.01), ever being sexually abused (adj. HR = 0.44, 95 % CI = 0.27-0.71), and a higher number of vaginal sex acts with casual clients (adj. HR = 0.99 per transaction, 95 % CI = 0.98-1.00). The rate of cessation was higher for women who spent more hours on the streets on a typical day (adj. HR = 1.04/h, 95 % CI = 1.01-1.08) and who lived in Tijuana vs. Ciudad Juárez (adj. HR = 2.15, 95 % CI = 1.14-4.07). The rate of relapse was higher among women reporting regular drug use with clients (adj. HR = 2.17, 95 % CI = 0.96-4.89) and those scoring higher on a risk injection index (adj. HR = 2.04, 95 % CI = 1.15-3.61). The rate of relapse was lower for FSW-PWID with higher than average incomes (adj. HR = 0.40, 95 % CI = 0.18-0.89). These findings have important implications for the scale-up of methadone maintenance treatment programs (MMTPs) in Mexico and indicate a need for gender-specific programs that address sexual abuse experiences and economic vulnerabilities faced by FSW-PWID.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of Injection Cessation and Relapse among Female Sex Workers who Inject Drugs in Two Mexican-US Border Cities

et al. 2015

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“…By another study found that female injection drug users (IDU) in Bangladesh are at risk of a major HIV epidemic from both injection sharing and sexual risk behavior and sex worker IDU appear especially vulnerable 30 . It is also noted that eightynine percent of the respondents responded that a condom is a rubber material while 11% considered it a birth control material 30 and women who inject drugs are among the most vulnerable to HIV through both unsafe injections and unprotected sex [31][32] . On the other hand, all over the world, HIV is very much concerning one of the issues but then rural men have lacking about the knowledge and prevention of HIV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge and Practice Regarding HIV among Urban-Rural Men in Bangladesh: A cross sectional study

Sultana¹,

Das²

2017

Bangladesh J. Infect. Dis.

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Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is one of the very much concerning issues and nearly 30 million people have died because of HIV related causes, which are found mostly low and lower income countries of the world. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate knowledge and practice to reduce risk factors of getting HIV among urban and rural men in Bangladesh with the comparative analysis among them. Methodology: This is a cross sectional study among 3997 men (urban=1437 and rural=2560). Frequency and percentage on knowledge and practice to reduce risk factors of getting HIV were counted to describe and also urban-rural significance levels of knowledge and practice issues regarding HIV were tested. Result: Knowledge and practice regarding HIV among urban-rural men were comparatively different where 93.7% urban and 81.9% rural men heard about HIV; 88.3% urban and 74.8% rural men thought that HIV can get by using unsterilized needle or syringe; 90.3% urban and 75.6% rural men thought that unsafe blood transfusions resulted HIV; 78.3% urban and 62.2% rural men use condom always during sex; and these urban-rural knowledge and practice related differences are statistically significant at P<.000. Conclusion: In Bangladesh, there weren't massive differences between urban and rural men's knowledge and practice reducing risk factors of getting HIV; but urban men have comparatively more knowledge and practice levels than those of rural men have because of having urban men's higher level of socio-demographic and economic status. [Bangladesh

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“…17,23 In countries in which drug or alcohol use among women is a cultural taboo, FSWs may feel pressured to hide their substance use, which may discourage women from accessing services. 31 Underlying these stigmas, the social organization of gender and power promotes gender inequalities and norms supporting GBV, which may heighten FSWs’ vulnerability to HIV/STIs. 32 …”

Section: Risk Environments For Fswsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…34 Because most FSWs have children who are major influences on their lives, consideration should be made for how to integrate their reproductive health and family needs with HIV prevention and enhance FSWs’ parenting skills so that their children are not apprehended by authorities. 31,35 …”

Section: Risk Environments For Fswsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substance Use and HIV Among Female Sex Workers and Female Prisoners

Strathdee

West

Reed

et al. 2015

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

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111

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Female sex workers (FSWs) and female prisoners experience elevated HIV prevalence relative to the general population because of unprotected sex and unsafe drug use practices, but the antecedents of these behaviors are often structural in nature. We review the literature on HIV risk environments for FSWs and female prisoners, highlighting similarities and differences in the physical, social, economic, and policy/legal environments that need to be understood to optimize HIV prevention, treatment, and policy responses. Sex work venues, mobility, gender norms, stigma, debt, and the laws and policies governing sex work are important influences in the HIV risk environment among FSWs, affecting their exposure to violence and ability to practice safer sex and safer drug use behaviors. Female prisoners are much more likely to have a drug problem than do male prisoners and have higher HIV prevalence, yet are much less likely to have access to HIV prevention and treatment and access to drug treatment in prison. Women who trade sex or are imprisoned and engage in substance use should not be considered in separate silos because sex workers have high rates of incarceration and many female prisoners have a history of sex work. Repeated cycles of arrest, incarceration, and release can be socially and economically destabilizing for women, exacerbating their HIV risk. This dynamic interplay requires a multisectoral approach to HIV prevention and treatment that appreciates and respects that not all women are willing, able, or want to stop sex work or drug use. Women who engage in sex work, use drugs, or are imprisoned come from all communities and deserve sustained access to HIV prevention and treatment for substance use and HIV, helping them and their families to lead healthy and satisfying lives.

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Women, drugs and HIV

Cited by 120 publications

References 59 publications

Predictors of Injection Cessation and Relapse among Female Sex Workers who Inject Drugs in Two Mexican-US Border Cities

Predictors of Injection Cessation and Relapse among Female Sex Workers who Inject Drugs in Two Mexican-US Border Cities

Knowledge and Practice Regarding HIV among Urban-Rural Men in Bangladesh: A cross sectional study

Substance Use and HIV Among Female Sex Workers and Female Prisoners

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