Women, Human-Wildlife Conflict, and CBNRM: Hidden Impacts and Vulnerabilities in Kwandu Conservancy, Namibia

Khumalo, Kathryn E.; Yung, Laurie

doi:10.4103/0972-4923.170395

Cited by 80 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…-Respondent 67, a Maasai man. This suggests that local people's negative perceptions towards park officials may be attributed to restricted access to different resources from the park, a finding that has also been reported in other studies [82][83][84].…”

Section: Evaluation Of Factors Influencing Pa Management Successsupporting

confidence: 70%

Community Evaluation of Protected Areas Governance and Management Effectiveness: A Case Study of Manyara Region, Tanzania

Mkonyi¹

2018

IJNREM

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Protected areas (PAs) governance is increasingly seen as a critical determinant for PA management effectiveness.This paper aims to explore the actors involved in PA governance and management and their roles, and the factors influencing the PA management success as perceived by local communities in Manyara region, Tanzania. This study further explores the community perceptions of PAs governance using good governance principles including legitimacy and voice, accountability, performance, and fairness and rights. A mixed methods approach was used in this research which comprised structured household interviews, key informant interviews and document review. Respondents ranked local community involvement (12.6%) and environmental education and awareness (13.8%) as the top most important or relevant factors for PA management success in the region. Overall perceptions of respondents indicate that legitimacy and voice (83%), fairness and rights (75%) and performance (68%) were the good principles of PA governance while transparency was the weak governance criteria which may undermine effective community participation in PAs management in the region. This study suggests the need for full involvement and coordination of many stakeholders including the local communities, integration of multilateral governance principles and improving environmental education and awareness for effective governance and management of PAs in the region.

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Section: Evaluation Of Factors Influencing Pa Management Successsupporting

confidence: 70%

Community Evaluation of Protected Areas Governance and Management Effectiveness: A Case Study of Manyara Region, Tanzania

Mkonyi¹

2018

IJNREM

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“…However, increasingly the importance of hidden or indirect costs is recognized, with research focusing more on lost opportunity costs as a consequence of having to guard crops, forego other income-generation activities (Harrison et al 2015, Hill 2004, Naughton-Treves 1997, or withdraw children from school to protect crops (Harrison et al 2015, Hill 1997, MacKenzie et al 2015, Naughton-Treves 1997. Other studies have examined the impacts of increased risk of, or fear of, injury and disease when guarding crops (Khumalo & Yung 2013), and even psychosocial impacts on household health and wellbeing (Jadhav & Barua 2012). Mayberry et al (2017) report that 72% of participants in their study in Botswana felt unsafe outside village areas because of the risk and fear of encountering elephants.…”

Section: Crop 'Raiding' -The Experience Of Losing Crops To Primatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crop Foraging, Crop Losses, and Crop Raiding

Hill

2018

Annu. Rev. Anthropol.

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Crop foraging or crop raiding concerns wildlife foraging and farmers’ reactions and responses to it. To understand crop foraging and its value to wildlife or its implications for humans requires a cross-disciplinary approach that considers the behavior and ecology of wild animals engaging in this behavior; the types and levels of competition for resources between people and wildlife; people's perceptions of and attitudes toward wildlife, including animals that forage on crops; and discourse about animals and their behaviors and how these discourses can be used for expressing dissent and distress about other social conflicts. So, to understand and respond to conflicts about crop damage, we need to look beyond what people lose, i.e., crop loss and economic equivalence, and focus more on what people say about wildlife and why they say it.

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“…One of the most significant factors is the ability of people to cope with, recover from the stress, and shock resulting from these impacts (Cooper, 1998;Dimsdale, 2008). Khumalo and Yung (2015) have described the consequences of both stress and shock to people's livelihood and food security. Besides emotional tension and shock, hidden impacts reduce the willingness of people to coexist with elephants (Osborn, 2004), which causes impediments to sustainable conservation through community-based conservation regimes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Continuous exposure to stressful events may gradually shift humans into a chronic stress state. Consequently, people may experience permanent changes in emotions, physiology, and behavior (Khumalo and Yung, 2015). Physiological stress complicates their natural immuneity and makes them more susceptible to diseases and death (Dimsdale, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysing the Geospatial Patterns of Hidden Impacts from Human-Elephant Interactions in the Bunda District, Tanzania

Mamboleo

Doscher²,

Paterson³

2019

J ENVIRON INFORM LET

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The geographic information systems were used to analyze the spatial context of hidden impacts in the Bunda District, which is a Tanzanian community with high annual incidents of human-elephant interactions, to understand their location, distribution, density, and relationships relative to Grumeti Game Reserve and the Serengeti National Park. These are indirect impacts and largely unreported adverse effects resulting from human and elephant interactions. Hidden impacts usually go unnoticed and unreported due to the lack of visible damage. Spatial studies on human-elephant interactions have focused on environmental to socioeconomic perspectives rather than spatial aspects of hidden patterns. This study analyzed the distribution, proximity to protected areas, kernel density and hotspots analysis of hidden impacts. It identified 327 hidden impacts, categorized into the abandonment of farms, marriage problems, delayed school attendances and restriction on movement. It ascertained the highest number of incidents (18.35%) from Kihumbu village and the lowest from Nyangere village (0.01%). Abandonment of farms constituted the largest number (77.4%) while marriage problems formed the lowest number (0.6%) of hidden impacts. The most hidden impacts occurred between 0 and 2,000 meters from the boundaries of protected areas. There was higher concentration of hidden impacts in villages bordering Grumeti Game Reserve than Serengeti National Park. The significant statistical level of adverse hidden impacts occurred in Kihumbu village. Imprecisely execution of tourist hunting operations could presumably be the causing factor for the high concentration of hidden effects nearby Grumeti Game Reserve. The conceptual and graphical presentations of the hidden impacts, in this study, provide conservation stakeholders with insights into the existence, severity and distribution of the impacts relative to protected areas. However, researchers recommend for a comprehensive study to understand the spatial characteristics of other types of hidden impacts adjacent to protected areas.

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Women, Human-Wildlife Conflict, and CBNRM: Hidden Impacts and Vulnerabilities in Kwandu Conservancy, Namibia

Cited by 80 publications

References 44 publications

Community Evaluation of Protected Areas Governance and Management Effectiveness: A Case Study of Manyara Region, Tanzania

Community Evaluation of Protected Areas Governance and Management Effectiveness: A Case Study of Manyara Region, Tanzania

Crop Foraging, Crop Losses, and Crop Raiding

Analysing the Geospatial Patterns of Hidden Impacts from Human-Elephant Interactions in the Bunda District, Tanzania

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