Women in environmental disasters: the 1991 cyclone in Bangladesh

Begum, Rasheda

doi:10.1080/09682869308519953

Cited by 30 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…Recent cross-cultural studies of what Mihir Bhatt has termed the 'gendered terrain of disaster ' (1995) suggest the range of difference in women's and men's experience of disaster when women fight bushfires in Australia, respond to flooding in Scotland and Bangladesh and rebuild their communities in the wake of Mexican earthquakes, south Asian cyclones and major hurricanes in Florida (see case studies in Enarson and Morrow, forthcoming). Field reports from non-governmental relief and development organisations (NGOs) also indicate that gender relations are important on the ground, for example, in refugee housing (League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, 1991), housing reconstruction after flooding (Duryog Nivaran, 1996), shelter from volcanic eruption (Delica, forthcoming) and emergency food relief (Begum, 1993;Khondker, 1996). Although theirs is one of the most 'excluded perspectives' in disaster theory and practice (Hewitt, 1995), women's narrative accounts of disasterfor example, songs of struggle during African famine (Vaughan, 1987) or the stories of Indian women living through drought (Intermediate Technology, 1997) -illustrate how women experience disaster through intersecting social relations of gender, race and class.…”

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confidence: 99%

Through Women’s Eyes: A Gendered Research Agenda for Disaster Social Science

Enarson¹

1998

Disasters

200

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Gender is a central organising principle in social life and hence in disaster-To help answer Kenneth Hewitt's question 'disaster sociology for whom? ' (1995), I advance a gendered research agenda constructed around three key issues: How is gendered vulnerability socially produced and maintained? How do gender relations shape disaster practice in organisations and households? How are gender relations affected, if at all, through the social experience of disaster? Social scientists investigating these topics can help provide more accurate and complete knowledge upon which equitable disaster preparation, response, recovery and mitigation strategies can be built.Drawing on multidisciplinary gender scholarship together with feminist theory, I approach gender in disaster contexts through the material conditions of women's everyday lives, focusing on the situated knowledge of those outside the dominant power structures but assuming no unified identity or set of experiences (Smith, 1987;Collins, 1986;Harstock, 1985). Framing disaster issues 'through women's eyes' highlights new questions not arising from a disembodied disaster science.My goal in this project is not to synthesise existing research findings (see Fothergill, l996), identify new policy directions or conjure an exhaustive 'wish list' for researchers. Instead, I write about gender and disaster provocatively, hoping to demonstrate the significance of unasked questions for disaster social scientists, for practitioners whose own questions may be quite different and for disaster students new Disasters,1998, 22(2):157^173 ß

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confidence: 99%

Through Women’s Eyes: A Gendered Research Agenda for Disaster Social Science

Enarson¹

1998

Disasters

200

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“…As one of the most marginalized and vulnerable groups in the society, women suffer more from the disproportionate impacts of natural disasters compared to men (Cannon, 2002;Hillier, Oxfam, Nightingale, & Aid, 2013;Ferris, 2014). In This high female mortality rate is linked to systemic socioeconomic, cultural and political marginalization during the onset of a catastrophic event (Begum, 1993;Dankelman, 2002;Cannon, 2002;Donner & Rodriguez, 2008;Aguilar, 2009;Alim, 2009;Habtezion, 2013;Lambrou & Nelson, 2010;Alagan & Seela, 2015). Women in most developing countries are expected to fulfil the responsibility of looking after their children, the elderly and their family properties, e.g.…”

Section: Gendered Consequences Of Natural Disasters and Women's Sociomentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovering the differential and gendered consequences of natural disasters on the gender gap in life expectancy in Southeast Asia

Murillo

Tan

2017

Preprint

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Abstract. Generally, the country and the population at risk experience the consequences of natural disasters differently and disproportionately. Likewise, the negative impacts of the natural disaster on the population are not gender-neutral. This article explores the relationship of the negative consequences of natural disasters on the difference of gender gap in life expectancy in Southeast Asia. Using the regional data set over the period 1995 to 2011, we analyzed the influence of the 10 natural disaster magnitude, i.e. number of disaster-related casualties, and the interaction with women's socioeconomic and political rights, and the country's vulnerability and exposure to climate change impacts on the gender gap in life expectancy, i.e. ratio of female to male life expectancy. The study produced three important findings. First, Southeast Asian women's life expectancy is more likely to decrease on average compared to that of men as the magnitude of natural disaster increases.Second, lower women's socioeconomic and political conditions are associated with the gender difference in life expectancy 15 as the magnitude of natural disaster increases. Lastly, country's higher level of exposure and vulnerability to climate change impacts are associated with the negative influence of natural disasters on the women's life expectancy more than that of men.Taken together, our study concluded that lower women's socioeconomic and political conditions, as well as country's higher climate change-related vulnerabilities, are likely to pose a collective threat to women's overall well-being more than that of men. 20

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“…Most research in NGOs' personnel management relates to job conditions in field-level positions or females in low-level and staff positions (Alam, 1998;Begum, 1993;Goetz, 1995Goetz, , 1997Hashemi & Hossain, 1995). Ahmad (2007) reported NGO field-workers as reluctant employees, who mostly leave jobs when they grow older, or find stable employment in government and private sectors, or women who marry and subsequently leave employment.…”

Section: In Bangladeshmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personnel Management in NGOs of Bangladesh

Rahman

Sultana

2012

CMR

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Activities of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Bangladesh have gained momentum due to the failure of both governmental organizations (GOs) and for-profit organizations (FPOs) in achieving their mission and objectives, and thus their inability to fulfill needs of the beneficiaries/customers. Prima facie investigations show that little research has been done on the personnel management of NGOs in Bangladesh. In view of this situation, using a mixed method of survey of archival sources, quantitative review of job advertisements data, unstructured interview, and a case study, this research examines personnel management practice of NGOs, and explores basic characteristics in the three areas of personnel selection and recruitment, training and education, and compensation and motivation. The findings suggest that large NGOs implement systematic practices, possess adequate organizational structure, employ professional managers, and nurture pragmatic environments for their personnel management. The NGOs emphasize professionalism and career orientation and implement long-term, forward-looking approaches in their selection, recruitment, and remuneration. These management practices also follow national employment practices, attach importance to national wage and salary principles, policies, and scales for the GO/FPOs, but formulate their principles and systems keeping those in view. The international NGOs (INGOs) follow domestic practices, implement policies and practices of their own which is found to create confusion in the national job market. The small and mid-size NGOs, however, do not possess personnel management practices of their own, rather they follow and imitate larger members. The authors envision further research on this topic with a focus on both of its micro INTRODUCTIONBangladesh has turned into a nation of NGOs, and it is argued humorously that in terms of the number of NGOs for every ten thousand people, Bangladesh ranks number one in the world. NGO activities in this country have gained momentum due to the failure of both the GOs and FPOs to achieve their missions and objectives, which were to fulfill their responsibilities to their customers, beneficiaries, and stakeholders (Farrington & Bebbington, 1993;Nobusue, 2002;Ray, 1983;Siddiqui, 1996). Consequently, NGOs have emerged as an alternative solution to the needs of the market and society. NGO activities occur in economic development, and poverty alleviation through employment creation, micro-credit, gender disparity eradication, education, community building, human rights protection and advocacy, social and environmental development, marginally placed and outreach communities protection, and salvation from destitution, have generated enormous success as demonstrated by the awarding of the Nobel Peace Prize to the Grameen Bank and its founder in 2006 (Khondaker, Bhuiyan, Runa, Khanam, Nahar, Hossain, & Khoda, 2007;Holloway, 1998;Yunus, 2000;Potter & Ahmed, 2005). Consequent to this epoch-making incident, the activities of NGOs have gai...

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Women in environmental disasters: the 1991 cyclone in Bangladesh

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

Through Women’s Eyes: A Gendered Research Agenda for Disaster Social Science

Through Women’s Eyes: A Gendered Research Agenda for Disaster Social Science

Discovering the differential and gendered consequences of natural disasters on the gender gap in life expectancy in Southeast Asia

Personnel Management in NGOs of Bangladesh

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