Women in Public Relations

Public relations in Kenya: An exploration of models and cultural influences

“…The first 24 measured six public relations models practiced in Kenya with four items each. The models included Grunig and Hunt's (1984) four models as well as the personal influence model (Sriramesh, 1992) and the cultural interpreter model (Lyra, 1991). The other 24 items measured the practitioners' cultural values drawing on Hofstede's (1980) work and utilizing the instrument from Wu, Taylor, and Chen (2001) which investigated these six models and cultural values in Taiwan.…”

Public Relations: Too Little Emphasis on Communication

“…Andrea Kückelhaus (1998) describes three approaches to public relations: product oriented, marketing oriented, and societally oriented. The product orientation could be equated with the one-way emission model (called "publicity model" by Grunig, Hunt, 1984), while the marketing orientation could be equated with Grunig's asymmetrical two-way model. However, the societal perspective cannot be equated with Grunig's two-way symmetrical model since the societal approach uses the society at large as unit of analysis and considers its social structure and institutions as the basis and the outcome of public relations.…”

A Case Study of the Crisis Communications Used in the 2009 Salmonella Outbreak in Peanut Products

“…This study was guided by the excellence theory first proposed by Grunig and Hunt (1984) with the four models of public relations: press agentry, public information, two-way asymmetric, and two-way symmetric, or excellence communications. According to Grunig (1992), when an organization wants its communication efforts to receive favorable publicity, it utilizes press agentry.…”