Women know about perineal trauma risk but do not know how to prevent it: Knowledge, attitude, and practice

Gondim, Edna Jéssica Lima; Moreira, Mayle Andrade; Lima, Amene Cidrão; Aquino, Priscila de Souza; Nascimento, Simony Lira do

doi:10.1002/ijgo.14526

Intl J Gynecology & Obste

2022

DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.14526

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Women know about perineal trauma risk but do not know how to prevent it: Knowledge, attitude, and practice

Edna Jéssica Lima Gondim

Mayle Andrade Moreira

Amene Cidrão Lima³

et al.

Abstract: Pelvic floor muscles (PFM) function as pelvic organ support, and urinary/anal continence may be affected during pregnancy and after delivery by physiologic processes and anatomical changes in the complex muscular, fascial, and ligamentous structures of the pelvis and pelvic floor. Urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse are the most common pelvic floor dysfunctions (PFD) in reproductiveaged women. 1,2 Among other known factors related to an increased risk of PFD in women, pregnancy is recognized as one … Show more

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Cited by 3 publications

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Perineal tear and childbirth‐related posttraumatic stress: A prospective cohort study

Baumann,

Staudt,

Horesh

et al. 2023

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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ObjectiveQuantitative studies examining the occurrence of childbirth‐related posttraumatic stress disorder (CB‐PTSD) following severe perineal rupture are lacking. The objective of this population‐based study was to investigate the prospective associations between the degree of perineal tear during childbirth and CB‐PTSD symptoms, when adjusting for known covariates (maternal age, years of school education, premature birth, and parity). We hypothesized that women with different degrees of perineal tear will differ regarding (1) the level of CB‐PTSD symptoms at 8 weeks and 2 years postpartum and (2) the rate of change in CB‐PTSD symptoms from 8 weeks to 2 years postpartum.MethodSecondary data analysis from the Akershus Birth Cohort, a large population‐based prospective cohort study using self‐report questionnaires and hospital record data.ResultsThe degree of perineal tear was significantly associated with CB‐PTSD symptoms at 8 weeks and 2 years postpartum. However, the degree of perineal tear was not significantly associated with the change in CB‐PTSD symptoms over time. Similar patterns were found for both total CB‐PTSD symptoms as well as for avoidance and intrusion symptoms only.ConclusionResults seem to support a dose–response model, suggesting that the higher the severity of the perineal tear, the higher the posttraumatic morbidity.

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Perineal tear and childbirth‐related posttraumatic stress: A prospective cohort study

Baumann,

Staudt,

Horesh

et al. 2023

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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Patient awareness, knowledge, and acceptability of antenatal perineal massage: A single-center crosssectional study from Saudi Arabia

Baradwan,

Banasser,

Tawfiq

et al. 2024

Eur J Midwifery

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INTRODUCTION This study assessed the knowledge, awareness, and acceptability of antenatal perineal massage (APM) among pregnant women in Saudi Arabia. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 240 pregnant women who met the predefined inclusion criteria and attended the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, from 1 October to 31 December 2023. Participants answered seven knowledge questions, classified as having good knowledge if they answered ≥4 correctly and poor knowledge if <4 were correct. RESULTS Most women (46.25%) reported it was their first encounter with APM. Common sources of information included the internet (39.58%), physicians/midwives (7.92%), and friends/family (3.75%). Nearly half (47.5%) had heard of APM, but only 8.75% had practiced it, and 3.75% attended related classes. Only 17.5% knew that APM could be performed by the woman or her partner, while 25.83% knew it should start at 34 weeks, and 17.92% recognized the recommended duration of 5 to 10 minutes daily. Additionally, 22.5%, 15.83%, and 35.42% acknowledged APM’s benefits for labor duration, anal sphincter dysfunction, and perineal injuries, respectively. The average knowledge score was 1.39±1.84, with 84.17% classified as having poor knowledge. No significant differences were found between knowledge levels (p>0.05). Low acceptability was noted, with only 58% of patients and 37% of their partners willing to engage in APM. No significant differences in acceptability were found between poor and good knowledge groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The study revealed low awareness, poor knowledge, and weak acceptability of APM among pregnant patients. Targeted education for patients and healthcare providers could enhance knowledge and improve maternal–fetal health outcomes.

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Perineum Massage Education to Empower Pregnant Women in Preventing Perineal Rupture at Peneleh Publich Health Center Surabaya 2023

Kurniawati,

Hardianto,

Wahyuningtyas

et al. 2024

JLM

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The three highest causes of maternal death in Indonesia, which is bleeding. Severe perineal rupture or what is called OASIS can cause bleeding that can lead to death. This community service activity aims to provide education about perineal massage to empower pregnant women to prevent perineal rupture at the Peneleh Public Health Center, Surabaya in 2023. Partnership programs are needed to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) targets. The problem faced by partners is that even though pregnancy classes are running, they do not yet provide material on preventing perineal rupture and practicing perineal massage so mothers do not have an understanding of techniques for preventing perineal rupture. Apart from that, health workers have not mastered perineal massage techniques so they cannot provide their knowledge to pregnant women. Activities are carried out in the form of providing material and practice. The evaluation was carried out by administering a pretest and posttest for knowledge and assessment of perineal massage skills for pregnant women and health workers. The evaluation method used was the ability of pregnant women to perform phantom perineal massage exercises. Pregnant women are said to be able to do this if they can do it correctly. Providing education related to perineal massage can increase the knowledge and skills of pregnant women thereby supporting the prevention of bleeding. Suggestions for community health centers to improve education so that pregnant women are ready to do it independently at home and provide support to health workers to provide education to pregnant women.

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Women know about perineal trauma risk but do not know how to prevent it: Knowledge, attitude, and practice

Cited by 3 publications

References 20 publications

Perineal tear and childbirth‐related posttraumatic stress: A prospective cohort study

Perineal tear and childbirth‐related posttraumatic stress: A prospective cohort study

Patient awareness, knowledge, and acceptability of antenatal perineal massage: A single-center crosssectional study from Saudi Arabia

Perineum Massage Education to Empower Pregnant Women in Preventing Perineal Rupture at Peneleh Publich Health Center Surabaya 2023

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