Women's Collective Action for Empowerment in Indonesia

Abstract

<p>Women’s collective action has been used by women’s group in Indonesia since early 20<sup>th</sup> century. The collective action of women in this study is defined as the formal or informal formation and activity of goups or networks of predominantly women that aim to bring about positive changes in women’s lives. Eight case studies of women’s collective actions discussed in this study reveal variety of backgrounds, motives and agencies in those collective actions. This variety exist due to the different and specific conditions and needs of each of the women’s groups. The object of the study in this research were eight collective actions, namely: Balai Sakinah ‘Aisyiyah (BSA), Serikat Perempuan Kepala Keluarga (PEKKA), Sekolah Perempuan, Koalisi Perempuan Indonesia Parepare branch, MUIWO, Kelompok Bunda Kreatif, Community Center, and Posko Lestari and Posko Mentari. The data of the research were collected through document review, surveys, and in-depth interviews. This research finds that the involvement of women in collective actions stem from gender inequality that they experience in their daily lives. Through the collective actions the women were empowered to strengthen their access to social services and legal protection. This research also finds there were growing understanding about the concept of gender inequality among the women who involved in the collective actions.</p><p> </p>

Regional Women’s Economic Participation: A Systematic-based Review of Structural Economic Transformation in Indonesia

“…Endah Prihatiningtyastuti/Regional Women's Economic Participation: A Systematic-based Review of Structural Economic Transformation in Indonesia Women's group in Indonesia since the early 20th century has used Women's collective action to elevate women's states and welfare (Lockley, Marcoes, Nugroho, & Boang-Manalu, 2019). This variety of backgrounds, motives exist due to the different and specific conditions and requirements of each of the women's groups in those collective actions (Lockley et al, 2019).…”

“…Endah Prihatiningtyastuti/Regional Women's Economic Participation: A Systematic-based Review of Structural Economic Transformation in Indonesia Women's group in Indonesia since the early 20th century has used Women's collective action to elevate women's states and welfare (Lockley, Marcoes, Nugroho, & Boang-Manalu, 2019). This variety of backgrounds, motives exist due to the different and specific conditions and requirements of each of the women's groups in those collective actions (Lockley et al, 2019). Many Non-Government Organisations (NGO's) are involved in promoting women's economic empowerment, with a focus on issues, such as religious, culture and reproductive health (Balai Aisyiah); migrant labour and femaleheaded household (Serikat Perempuan Kepala Keluarga-PEKKA); migrant labor (Migrant Care, Indonesia Migrant Worker Union); feminist leadership and women's right (Sekolah Perempuan/Women School) (Ford, 2018;Lockley et al, 2019).…”

“…This variety of backgrounds, motives exist due to the different and specific conditions and requirements of each of the women's groups in those collective actions (Lockley et al, 2019). Many Non-Government Organisations (NGO's) are involved in promoting women's economic empowerment, with a focus on issues, such as religious, culture and reproductive health (Balai Aisyiah); migrant labour and femaleheaded household (Serikat Perempuan Kepala Keluarga-PEKKA); migrant labor (Migrant Care, Indonesia Migrant Worker Union); feminist leadership and women's right (Sekolah Perempuan/Women School) (Ford, 2018;Lockley et al, 2019).…”

“…The result investigation of Lockley and her colleagues (Lockley et al, 2019) shows that gender inequality that they face in their daily lives stimulates the participation of women in collective actions. The collective action of women operates with the formal or informal formation and do an activity of groups or networks of primary women that want to lead better wellbeing in women's lives (Lockley et al, 2019). The women were empowered within the collective actions to strengthen their access not only to social services but also legal protection (Lockley et al, 2019).…”

“…The collective action of women operates with the formal or informal formation and do an activity of groups or networks of primary women that want to lead better wellbeing in women's lives (Lockley et al, 2019). The women were empowered within the collective actions to strengthen their access not only to social services but also legal protection (Lockley et al, 2019). According to Lockley and her friends (Lockley et al, 2019), the women's collective action has empowered in focusing on five aspects such as an increasing human, economic, agency, social, and compliment capital.…”