Women’s Employment, Unpaid Work, and Economic Inequality

Folbre, Nancy; Gornick, Janet C.; Connolly, Helen; Munzi, Teresa

doi:10.2307/j.ctvqsdkqx.14

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…If the latter level of inequality is higher, thus if the observed inequality between men is higher than the observed inequality between households, women's earnings are argued to have attenuated the inequality between households compared to the (counter-factual) scenario in which women had no earnings at all. This procedure is commonly applied (Folbre, Gornick, Connolly, & Munzi, 2013;Gronau, 1982;Harkness, 2013;Lam, 1997).…”

Section: Statistical Method: the Role Of Counter-factualsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family policy outcomes: Combining Institutional and Demographic Explanations of Women’s Employment and Earnings Inequality in OECD Countries, 1975-2005

Nieuwenhuis¹

2016

Preprint

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Women’s employment and earnings, as well as earnings inequality, have been rising in OECD countries in recent decades. This dissertation answers questions pertaining to how family policies have facilitated women in combining motherhood and employment, and how women’s earnings have affected inequality among households. Based on well over a million person-level observations, this study covers 18 OECD countries and a period from 1975 to 2005.Work-family reconciliation policies were shown to reduce the employment gap between mothers and women without children, while policies financially supporting families with children enlarge this motherhood-employment gap. Very long periods of leave, however, negatively affect the employment of mothers. More educated mothers benefit more from reconciliation policies than the less educated. Women’s rising earnings were found to have attenuated inequality among households. Family policy arrangements that facilitate women’s employment not only contribute to smaller inequality within households, but also among households.

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Section: Statistical Method: the Role Of Counter-factualsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family policy outcomes: Combining Institutional and Demographic Explanations of Women’s Employment and Earnings Inequality in OECD Countries, 1975-2005

Nieuwenhuis¹

2016

Preprint

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“…By conventional measures, these households are equally well‐off. By measures of “extended income” that include the value of non‐market household work, the first household is considerably better off than the second (Folbre et al ., ). Accurate estimation of extended income is especially relevant to a comparison of the living standards of families with different levels of participation in market work and those with and without children.…”

Section: The Valuation Of Non‐market Household Workmentioning

confidence: 97%

Valuing Unpaid Child Care in the U.S.: A Prototype Satellite Account Using the American Time Use Survey

Suh¹,

Folbre

2015

Review of Income and Wealth

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This paper builds on previous satellite accounts that treat households as production units, but challenges their measurement and valuation of time devoted to child care, making a case for the inclusion of supervisory child care time that does not overlap with other productive activities. We also suggest several other methodological refinements for estimates based on analysis of data from the American Time Use Survey: application of a vector of specialized replacement cost wage estimates for different child care activities rather than a single wage, and adjustments for the ratio of children to adults present and for the educational attainment of caregivers. Our estimates of the value of child care alone in 2004 and 2010 exceed previous estimates of the value of all non-market household production in the U.S. The end result is an upward adjustment of Gross Domestic Product by about 43 percent compared to previous adjustments of about 26 percent. JEL Codes: D13, E1, J13

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“…Legal predistribution captures Polanyi's most influential insight that capital deploys law to extract societal value by converting social beings into factors of production . The value of labor in part derives from the vast amount of unpaid reproductive work extracted from families, communities, schools, indeed, the entire social environment that makes humans possible-none of which is returned to the commons after its value has been appropriated (Eichner 2020;Federici 2008;Folbre et al 2013;Hester 2018;Fraser 2016). 56 These conversions are mediated through the labor contract, and for Polanyi nothing was more duplicitous than its claim to being "free."…”

Section: B Creating the Contract By Commodifying Humans 55mentioning

confidence: 99%

Legal Predistribution, Market Justice, and Dedemocratization: Polanyi and Piketty on Law and Political Economy

Somers¹

2022

JLPE

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In the face of today's twin crises of inequality and threats to democracy, many are turning to the work of Karl Polanyi and Thomas Piketty. Both have written magisterial volumes on the historical dynamics, social depredations, and risks to democracy endemic to market capitalism. This and a companion article look at each individual thinker and put the two into dialogue, with the goal of generating principles of a new democratic political economy. The dialogue has two axes of inquiry. First, how to explain and deconstruct the social exclusions and dedemocratization institutionalized in the heart of the existing market economy. Second, how to use legal predistributive institutionalism to upend the deep structures of market justice and the outsized legal powers of property and political economic domination. This article addresses these issues by constructing a neo-Polanyian law and political economy and exploring four Polanyi-inspired themes: (1) a bifurcated capitalist order; (2) market justice as capitalism's moral economy; (3) the economy as a predistributive "instituted process" of law and coercion; and (4) market capitalism's anti-democratic infrastructure.

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Women’s Employment, Unpaid Work, and Economic Inequality

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Family policy outcomes: Combining Institutional and Demographic Explanations of Women’s Employment and Earnings Inequality in OECD Countries, 1975-2005

Family policy outcomes: Combining Institutional and Demographic Explanations of Women’s Employment and Earnings Inequality in OECD Countries, 1975-2005

Valuing Unpaid Child Care in the U.S.: A Prototype Satellite Account Using the American Time Use Survey

Legal Predistribution, Market Justice, and Dedemocratization: Polanyi and Piketty on Law and Political Economy

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