“…These affect how women's actions are perceived and influence societal understanding and acceptance of their behaviour, including in relation to the exchange and use of human milk (Cassidy, Dowling, Dykes, & Mahon, 2018;Cassidy et al 2019;Kent, Fannin, & Dowling, 2019). Breastmilk sharing is undermined by the stigmatisation of breastfeeding in the global North (Tomori, Palmquist & Dowling, 2016;Grant, Mannay, & Morzella, 2017;Bresnahan, Zhu, Zhuang, & Yan 2019), the sexualisation of breasts (Dowling, Naidoo, & Pontin, 2012;Grant, 2016;Haucka, Bradfielda, & Kuliukasb, 2020) and the dichotomy whereby breastmilk is both perceived as dirty/'matter out of place' and as 'liquid gold' (Douglas, 2002(Douglas, [1966; Dowling, 2019)-contributing to the 'yuk' factor which may be invoked when discussing the use of another mother's milk (Shaw, 2004). Women who use other mother's milk may feel inhibited in discussing it, both because of these perceptions and because of their feelings about not being able to breastfeed their baby as they would wish (Esquerra-Zwiers et al, 2016;Shafer, Ashada, & Palmquist, 2018).…”