2000
DOI: 10.1097/00001888-200011000-00015
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Womenʼs Health and Complexity Science

Abstract: Conceptual frameworks in science have shifted from reductionism and its focus on ever-smaller parts to complexity, an outgrowth of chaos theory that views those parts in relation to one another, to the larger entity they form and to the environment in which that entity exists. Examples of this conceptual shift are occurring in many areas of science, but nowhere is it more germane than in the medical sciences that serve women. After a historical focus on reproduction and the development of obstetrics-gynecology… Show more

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Cited by 13 publications
(9 citation statements)
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“…In gender blindness, differences between men and women are overlooked because disease in men and women is supposedly Gender matters in medical education 139 similar. Male bias is also expressed in the tendency to use men as the standard even in diseases affecting both men and women, but from a different perspective: male bias leads to the treatment of female symptoms as outliers of regular syndromes (Davis 1988;Hoffman 2000;Alexanderson et al 1998). For instance, symptoms of women with CHD are viewed as atypical even though these symptoms may be more typical for women (Gijsbers van Wijk et al 1996; Lagro-Janssen and Noordenbos 1997).…”
Section: Male Biasmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…In gender blindness, differences between men and women are overlooked because disease in men and women is supposedly Gender matters in medical education 139 similar. Male bias is also expressed in the tendency to use men as the standard even in diseases affecting both men and women, but from a different perspective: male bias leads to the treatment of female symptoms as outliers of regular syndromes (Davis 1988;Hoffman 2000;Alexanderson et al 1998). For instance, symptoms of women with CHD are viewed as atypical even though these symptoms may be more typical for women (Gijsbers van Wijk et al 1996; Lagro-Janssen and Noordenbos 1997).…”
Section: Male Biasmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Gender issues in health and illness are often interdisciplinary and hence, the biomedical reductionist framework is insufficient to understand these issues. Partial perspectives in this field limit medical knowledge (Hoffman 2000;Rosser 1994). Increasing knowledge of gender issues not only corrects the mentioned historical wrongs, but should also result in more effective interventions (Pinn 2003;Doyal et al 2003) and the translation of recommendations into practical guidelines is essential (Sen et al 2002).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The idea of gender neutrality, which was espoused by the nurses, is described by several authors (Clancy & Massion 1992, Fleury & Cameron‐Og 1997, Malterud 1997, NOU 1999, Hoffman 2000). Gender differences have been given little attention within nursing (Bunting & Campbell 1990, Webb 1986, Pittman & Hartigan 1996).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the study on which this discussion is based on, the interviewers are nurses ‘brought up’ within a Western understanding of medicine and stroke. As medicine and the health service are strongly influenced by male understanding (Clancy & Massion 1992, Fleury & Cameron‐Og 1997, Malterud 1997, Kearney 1999, NOU 1999, Hoffman 2000), we wondered whether we would be able to ‘see’ (be open to) female experiences of stroke. In the course of the interview process, we rediscovered Simone de Beauvoir's (1974) feminist theory of objectification, alienation, oppression, freedom and nonfreedom.…”
Section: Theories – Do They Broaden or Limit Our Understanding Of Whamentioning
confidence: 99%