Women’s Health and the Military

Berk‐Clark, Carissa van den; Chang, Jennifer G; Servey, Jessica T.; Quinlan, Jeffrey D.

doi:10.1016/j.pop.2018.07.006

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This has been most likely exacerbated by history of exclusion of women from serving in the military, followed by exclusions in serving in certain roles (Moore, 2017). While literature has focused on the challenges of service women, including but not limited to the culture of masculinity (Brownson, 2016), risk of sexual trauma (Castro et al, 2015; Kintzle et al, 2015), gender conflicts (Crowley & Sandhoff, 2017; Woodruff & Kelty, 2017), and physical and emotional health (Boyd, et al, 2013; van den Berk Clark et al, 2018), these findings provide insight into how women Soldiers experience barriers to acceptance and integration, often through exclusionary behaviors. Women reported not being invited to social events, being excluded from job tasks and assignments, exclusionary language, and being outright told they were not welcome in the Army.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Related to Exclusion in the U.S. Army

Kintzle

Alday

Clomax

et al. 2022

Armed Forces & Society

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The promotion of inclusion in the U.S. Army requires an understanding of how and why exclusion occurs. As exclusion can have deleterious impacts at both and individual and organizational level, reducing exclusive behaviors can have positive effects on Soldiers and the Army. To explore exclusion in the Army, 19 focus groups were conducted with 120 active-duty enlisted Soldiers. Two rounds of thematic analysis revealed four themes related to exclusion. Participants indicated exclusion to be often based on low or bad performance, personality factors that were identified as different or toxic, cliques within the Army unwilling to welcome others, and gender, with both men and women identifying exclusionary behaviors toward women within and outside of the work environment. Research findings offer insight into how and why exclusion occurs and how such behaviors can be addressed in the U.S. Army including training and addressing cultural and systemic barriers to inclusion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Related to Exclusion in the U.S. Army

Kintzle

Alday

Clomax

et al. 2022

Armed Forces & Society

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“…Military women also have increased rates of unintended pregnancy (60%), pelvic pain, abnormal bleeding, premenopausal hysterectomy, pelvic inflammatory disease, and urogenital infections compared with age-matched civilians (54). They also experience poor vaginal hygiene and increased rates of vaginitis related to limited access to bathrooms in field conditions and deployed settings (55).…”

Section: Reproductive and Urogynecologic Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Providers caring for women in nontraditional employment should inquire about reproductive goals and provide unbiased reproductive counseling. Unconstrained access to menstrual suppression medication, emergency contraception, long-acting contraception, and referrals for elective permanent sterilization when requested reduce unintended pregnancies and help women serving in these roles perform optimally while making informed family planning decisions (54,56).…”

Section: Reproductive and Urogynecologic Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further human studies are needed to explore the effects of space travel on the female reproductive system (25). Female astronauts and military women often elect to suppress their menstrual cycles during extended spaceflight missions and combat deployments (25,54). Female aviators and astronauts often also delay childbearing until after completing training and several space flights, thus requiring assisted reproductive technology (ART) for fertility (25).…”

Section: Reproductive and Urogynecologic Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They also experience poor vaginal hygiene and increased rates of vaginitis related to limited access to bathrooms in field conditions and deployed settings (55). Postponed urination and intentional fluid restriction in the field and deployed environments are associated with dehydration, urinary retention, and urinary tract infections (54). Female urinary devices that allow women to urinate through the fly of their pants while standing or sitting to avoid unsanitary restrooms and minimize body exposure are available and commonly used by military women when required but do not entirely mitigate the risk of urogenital infection (57).…”

Section: Reproductive and Urogynecologic Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occupational and Environmental Challenges for Women

Lindberg

Rerucha

Givens

2023

Curr Sports Med Rep

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The prevalence of women in the global workforce is increasing. Women increasingly participate in nontraditional employment settings in previously male-dominated industries and manually intensive professions, such as military service, emergency response, health care, aviation, space, agriculture, and technical trades. Limited occupational and environmental hazard data specific to women exist for these work environments. Physiologic and biomechanical differences between sexes create unique workplace challenges specific to women. This article will summarize challenges confronting women working in nontraditional employment and identify strategies to mitigate risk within these populations.

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A National Survey of Prosthesis Use in Veterans with Major Upper Limb Amputation: Comparisons by Gender

Resnik

Borgia

Clark

2020

PM&R

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Background A better understanding of women veterans with upper limb amputation is needed. Objective To compare prosthetic use and outcomes of female and male veterans with upper limb amputation. Design Cross‐sectional survey: Amputation characteristics, prosthesis use, and quality of life outcomes were compared by gender. Separate logistic regression models examined association of gender with prosthesis use and receipt of training to use a prosthesis. Separate linear regression models examined the relationship between gender and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes. Participants Participants were veterans with major upper limb amputation who received care at the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in 2010‐2015, identified from VA data sources. A total of 808 individuals (755 men, 21 women) were surveyed by telephone. Main Outcome Measures Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH), VR‐12 Physical Component Summary (PCS) and VR‐12 Mental Component Summary (MCS), Trinity Amputation and Prosthetic Experience Scale satisfaction scale, Orthotics and Prosthetic User's Survey client satisfaction with devices scale. Setting Telephone survey of community dwelling participants. Interventions Not applicable. Results Survey response rate was 47.3% for men and 62.8% for women. Women were less likely to have ever used a prosthesis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.26; confidence interval [CI] 0.08‐0.88), have received training for an initial prosthesis (aOR: 0.24; CI 0.08‐0.70), be current users (aOR = 0.34; CI 0.12‐1.01), and have received training for a current prosthesis (aOR: 0.15; 0.03‐0.87). A greater proportion of women used cosmetic and a smaller proportion used body‐powered devices compared to men (P < .05). Device heaviness or fatigue was the most common reason for abandonment. There were no significant differences in outcome measures by gender. Conclusions Women were less likely than men to have ever used and currently use prostheses or to have received prosthetic training, more likely to use cosmetic devices, and less likely to use body‐powered devices. Efforts to develop prostheses that are cosmetically acceptable, yet lightweight and functional, are needed.

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Women’s Health and the Military

Cited by 5 publications

References 30 publications

Factors Related to Exclusion in the U.S. Army

Factors Related to Exclusion in the U.S. Army

Occupational and Environmental Challenges for Women

A National Survey of Prosthesis Use in Veterans with Major Upper Limb Amputation: Comparisons by Gender

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