Women’s participation in rural cooperatives in Iran

Aazami, Mousa; Izadi, Nasim; Ataei, Pouria

doi:10.1080/10371656.2019.1687872

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Furthermore, the results indicated that farmers' participation could solve some challenges for the development of CA in Iran. This finding is consistent with the results of Ataei et al, 5 Aazami et al, 72 Sharaunga and Mudhara, 73 and Chinseu et al 54 Sharaunga and Mudhara 73 argue that transparency and accountability in activities also encourage participation in the development of extension programs. The main philosophy of participation is to use collective thoughts and ideas in the decision-making process.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Challenges of Applying Conservation Agriculture in Iran: An Overview on Experts and Farmers’ Perspectives

Ataei

Sadighi

Aenis

et al. 2021

Air, Soil and Water Research

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Different countries face diverse challenges for Conservation Agriculture (CA) development. The main purpose of this study was to examine the challenges of applying CA in Iran from the perspective of experts and farmers. A focus group method was used to investigate the challenges. The research sample consisting of farmers and experts of CA in different provinces includes those 19 experts and 15 farmers. Inductive content analysis and coding (open, axial, and selective coding) were employed to analyze the farmers’ and experts’ discussions. The findings showed that the challenges of applying CA in the studied provinces could be divided into 6 general categories: institutional-infrastructure (7 concepts), economic (5 concepts), training-research (2 concepts), environmental (4 concepts), mechanization (2 concepts), and cognitive (2 concepts) challenges. The economic and institutional-infrastructure challenges were the most frequent related to applying CA. It can be concluded that to solve the challenges of applying CA, it is necessary to link various sectors of government (the Ministry of Agriculture), education and research (Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization), and industry together. But farmers themselves are also a major contributor to meet the challenges of CA development through participation in planning CA project and training-extension programs. Therefore, farmers’ communities should also pave the way for a transition from conventional agriculture to CA with their participation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Challenges of Applying Conservation Agriculture in Iran: An Overview on Experts and Farmers’ Perspectives

Ataei

Sadighi

Aenis

et al. 2021

Air, Soil and Water Research

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…By showing the role familial social reproduction duties play in the prospects of women's participation in cooperatives, we account for the higher likelihood of older women to join cooperatives compared to younger ones. The fact that older women are more likely to join cooperatives is aptly identified in the statistics on women's cooperatives (Aazami et al, 2019; cf. Meier zu Selhausen, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The political economy of women's cooperatives in Turkey: A social reproduction perspective

Ugur‐Cinar

Çınar

Onculer-Yayalar

et al. 2022

Gender Work & Organization

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The article analyzes the viability of women's participation in women's cooperatives in Turkey. The prospects are evaluated by focusing on the sustainability of the cooperatives' economic activities as well as the recruitment and continued participation of individual women members. Taking a feminist social reproduction perspective, the article seeks to understand the underlying dynamics of women's participation in cooperatives, as this perspective enables us to analyze this participation as a process and captures the permeability between women's social reproduction duties, women's relationship with the state, and the economic market. Based on countrywide, semi‐structured in‐depth interviews with members of women's cooperatives in Turkey, we find that familial constraints as well as governmental policies and practices challenge women's economic development aspirations in the cooperatives, while social class deeply informs the challenges faced as well as the resources available to and strategies developed by women. The resulting analysis demonstrates that familial, social, and political issues related to social reproduction need to be addressed prior to focusing on the impact of cooperatives on women's empowerment. This is essential to ensuring the success of women's cooperatives and the continued provision of meaningful opportunities for women's participation.

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“…Aazami et al analyze women's level of participation and the factors influencing their involvement in different stages of cooperative activities in Shiraz, Iran ( 14 ). The study concerns a women's cooperative and does not relate specifically to women's representation in farmer-owned cooperatives or to gender diversity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women's participation on the boards of farmer-owned cooperatives

Hansen

Asmild

2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Initiatives and specific measures aimed at increasing the presence of women on corporate boards have become widespread. However, not much academic attention has been paid to this subject up till now, when it comes to farmer-owned cooperatives. The article shows that farmer-owned cooperatives do have special problems when it comes to women on boards. The farmer-owned cooperatives in Denmark have been chosen as cases in this article, as they are quite big, exposed to international competition and have substantial market power. Based on annual reports from 25 farmer-owned cooperatives and two of their investor-owned subsidiaries in the years 2005–2022, inputs from present and former board members of farmer-owned cooperatives, CSR-reports etc. a number of conclusions are drawn. Cooperatives have particular challenges with regard to gender diversity on boards due to their specific structure and requirements—compared to investor-owned companies. Different types of barriers that limit women's representation on boards can be identified: (1) Institutional barriers in terms of statutes and cooperative principles. (2) Structural barriers in the form of a narrow or skewed recruitment base. (3) Historical and cultural barriers, where agriculture is typically a male-dominated business. Women's representation on boards of farmer-owned cooperatives is relatively low but increasing. From 2005 to 2021 the weighted average share of female board members has increased from about 1–20%. Gender diversity in farmer-owned cooperatives is consistently less than in listed companies. The increasing representativeness of women is primarily due to the presence of more female external members. Since 2013 the proportion of women has increased, and in 2021 there were more female than male external board members. Female board members are more common in the large farmer-owned cooperatives than in the small. A positive correlation between the size of the companies and the representation of women is identified. This is supported by large cooperatives' greater focus in annual reports and CSR strategies on women's representativeness. Based on the cooperatives' diversity policy, their explicit and specific goals for women's representativeness on boards, interviews with board members etc. a clear awareness of the challenge of gender diversity on the boards is identified.

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Women’s participation in rural cooperatives in Iran

Cited by 10 publications

References 31 publications

Challenges of Applying Conservation Agriculture in Iran: An Overview on Experts and Farmers’ Perspectives

Challenges of Applying Conservation Agriculture in Iran: An Overview on Experts and Farmers’ Perspectives

The political economy of women's cooperatives in Turkey: A social reproduction perspective

Women's participation on the boards of farmer-owned cooperatives

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