Women’s perceptions of effects of war on intimate partner violence and gender roles in two post-conflict West African Countries: consequences and unexpected opportunities

Horn, Rebecca; Puffer, Eve S.; Roesch, Elisabeth; Lehmann, Heidi

doi:10.1186/1752-1505-8-12

Cited by 76 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Men may also be prone to drink alcohol to cope with their shame and boredom, which in turn may contribute to further violence. Alternately, women may become empowered by their new economic roles and be more able to assert their independence from men (Biswas, Rahman, Mashreky, Rahman, & Dalal, 2010;Boutron, 2012;Charles & Denman, 2013;Horn, 2010;Horn, Puffer, Roesch, & Lehmann, 2014;Payne, 1998).…”

Section: Relationship Between Humanitarian Emergencies and Violence Amentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of humanitarian emergencies on the prevalence of violence against children: an evidence-based ecological framework

Rubenstein

Stark

2017

Psychology, Health & Medicine

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Little is known about the patterns and mechanisms by which humanitarian emergencies may exacerbate violence against children. In this article, we propose using the ecological framework to examine the impact of humanitarian emergencies on interpersonal violence against children. We consider the literature that supports this framework and suggest future directions for research to fill identified gaps in the framework. The relationship between humanitarian emergencies and violence against children depends on risk factors at multiple levels, including a breakdown of child protection systems, displacement, threats to livelihoods, changing gender roles, changing household composition, overcrowded living conditions, early marriage, exposure to conflict or other emergency events, and alcohol abuse. The empirical evidence supporting the proposed emergency/ violence framework is limited by cross-sectional study designs and a propensity to predominantly examine individual-level determinants of violence, especially exposure to conflict or emergency events. Thus, there is a pressing need to contextualize the relationship between conflict or emergency events and violence against children within the wider ecological and household dynamics that occur during humanitarian emergencies. Ultimately, this will require longitudinal observations of children, families and communities from before the emergency through recovery and improvements to ongoing global surveillance systems. More complete data will enable the humanitarian community to design effective, appropriate and welltargeted interventions.

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Section: Relationship Between Humanitarian Emergencies and Violence Amentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of humanitarian emergencies on the prevalence of violence against children: an evidence-based ecological framework

Rubenstein

Stark

2017

Psychology, Health & Medicine

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“…Some research with men proposes that alcohol use and sexual conquest may be conceived as part of manhood and thus interventions that aim to reduce sexual assault need to understand local conceptions of masculinity(Jewkes et al, 2006; Ricardo & Barker, 2008). In post-conflict settings, where gender identities may be challenged (Horn, Puffer, Roesch, & Lehmann, 2014) and typical social norms and bonds that regulate behavior and maintain health are altered (Maclin, Kelly, Kabanga, & VanRooyen, 2015; Schlecht, Rowley, & Babirye, 2013), it is important to ensure effective prevention strategies to protect girls and women. Further research to understand the magnitude and risk for young adolescent sexual coercion and sexual assault is important.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventing risky behaviours among young adolescents in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo: A qualitative study

Kohli

Remy²,

Binkurhorhwa³

et al. 2017

Global Public Health

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Background: This qualitative study explores and describes adolescent risk behaviors, specifically consumption of alcohol and use of violence; the perceived consequences of these behaviors on future well-being and relationships; and collaboratively identifies the essential components of a prevention intervention for risk behaviors (alcohol use, violence) among young adolescents while strengthening the protective individual and relationship factors in post-conflict Democratic Republic of Congo. Methods: One-on-one in-depth interviews were conducted with 28 male and female youth, 20 parents/guardians and 20 stakeholders in three rural villages of South Kivu Province. Trained interviewers conducted interviews and participated in daily debriefing. Descriptive qualitative analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: Youth use of violence and alcohol was associated with a range of factors including peer influence, parent behaviors, school enrollment and poverty. The consequences of risk behavior include damaged family and social bonds, reduced economic and educational productivity and promise. Conclusions: Community-based, multilevel prevention interventions that promote protective factors and reduce youth exposure and vulnerability to risk factors may have immediate and long-term impact on youth health and behavior. Such a program could engage youth, adults and local stakeholders in a range of social, educational and economic activities.

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“…The Bclimate of financial insecurity^that rural Côte d'Ivoire experienced following the same conflict similarly impacted IPV in both settings. 21 In these contexts, and others, 22 stress and anxiety stemming from job loss and financial uncertainty were considered a major catalyst for men's perpetration of IPV. Specifically, focus group discussions emphasized that men perceived their inability to provide for the family-a traditionally male role-as a challenge to their masculinity and position as the head of household.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19 A man's loss of perceived status and entitlement as breadwinner and head of household can result in a reclamation of familial power and authority through violence. [20][21][22] Additionally, IPV can be accepted as a social norm in places where violence is a sanctioned form of conflict resolution and men are entitled to discipline their wives for perceived transgressions. 23 IPV is also of concern in these settings pre-conflict; however, these studies suggest that the public violence women face during war reinforces the private violence they face during and after.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Factors Contribute to Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in Urban, Conflict-Affected Settings? Qualitative Findings from Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

et al. 2016

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Rapid urbanization is a key driver of the unique set of health risks facing urban populations. One of the most critical health hazards facing urban women is intimate partner violence (IPV). In post-conflict urban areas, women may face an even greater risk of IPV. Yet, few studies have examined the IPV experiences of urbandwelling, conflict-affected women, including those who have been internally displaced. This study qualitatively examined the social and structural characteristics of the urban environment that contributed to the IPV experiences of women residing in post-conflict Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. Ten focus groups were conducted with men and women, both internally displaced (IDPs) and non-displaced. Lack of support networks, changing gender roles, and tensions between traditional gender norms and those of the Bmodernĉ ity were reported as key contributors to IPV. Urban poverty and with it unemployment, food insecurity, and housing instability also played a role. Finally, IDPs faced heightened vulnerability to IPV as a result of displacement and discrimination. The relationship between economic strains and IPV are similar to other conflict-affected settings, but Abidjan's urban environment presented other unique characteristics contributing to IPV. Understanding these factors is crucial to designing appropriate services for women and for implementing IPV reduction interventions in urban areas. Strengthening formal and informal mechanisms for help-seeking, utilizing multi-modal interventions that address economic stress and challenge inequitable gender norms, as well as tailoring programs specifically for IDPs, are some considerations for IPV program planning focused on conflict-affected women in urban areas.

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Women’s perceptions of effects of war on intimate partner violence and gender roles in two post-conflict West African Countries: consequences and unexpected opportunities

Cited by 76 publications

References 30 publications

The impact of humanitarian emergencies on the prevalence of violence against children: an evidence-based ecological framework

The impact of humanitarian emergencies on the prevalence of violence against children: an evidence-based ecological framework

Preventing risky behaviours among young adolescents in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo: A qualitative study

What Factors Contribute to Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in Urban, Conflict-Affected Settings? Qualitative Findings from Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

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