Women's self-disclosure of HIV infection: Rates, reasons, and reactions.

Simoni, Jane M.; Mason, Hyacinth R. C.; Marks, Gary; Ruiz, Monica S.; Reed, Deborah K.; Richardson, Jean L.

doi:10.1037/0022-006x.63.3.474

Cited by 180 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Although contrary to our original hypothesis, a plausible explanation is simply that frequent disclosure of HIV serostatus increases the likelihood that a person will eventually experience mistreatment and discrimination by allowing a broader range of people to be aware of a person's serostatus. Thus, avoiding serostatus disclosure may limit illness-related social support (Mansergh, Marks, & Simoni, 1995;Simoni et al, 1995), but may also lessen the likelihood that an HIV-positive person experiences overt acts of discrimination. Past experiences of discrimination may well reduce future disclosure of HIV status, an effect that is not detectable in the cross-sectional analyses presented in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of HIV-Related Stigma on Health Behaviors and Psychological Adjustment Among HIV-Positive Men and Women

et al. 2006

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HIV-related stigmatization remains a potent stressor for HIV-positive people. This study examined the relationships among stigma-related experiences and depression, medication adherence, serostatus disclosure, and sexual risk among 221 HIV-positive men and women. In bivariate analyses that controlled for background characteristics, stigma was associated with depressive symptoms, receiving recent psychiatric care, and greater HIV-related symptoms. Stigma was also associated with poorer adherence and more frequent serostatus disclosure to people other than sexual partners, but showed no association to sexual risk behavior. In a multivariate analysis that controlled for all correlates, depression, poor adherence, and serostatus disclosure remained as independent correlates of stigma-related experiences. Findings confirm that stigma is associated with psychological adjustment and adherence difficulties and is experienced more commonly among people who disclose their HIV status to a broad range of social contacts. Stigma should be addressed in stress management, health promotion, and medication adherence interventions for HIV-positive people.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of HIV-Related Stigma on Health Behaviors and Psychological Adjustment Among HIV-Positive Men and Women

et al. 2006

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“…Furthermore, people infected with HIV who are integrated into social networks have higher levels of psychological well-being than those who are not. 15 Perceptions of social support are also positively associated with the percentage of friends, family, and sexual partners to whom the diagnosis has been disclosed. 16 This source of support was essential to the wellbeing of all our respondents; the 1 respondent who was not receiving family support was the worst off psychologically and materially.…”

Section: Outcomes Of Disclosurementioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Related to HIV Disclosure in 2 South African Communities

Norman

Chopra²,

Kadiyala³

2007

Am J Public Health

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Disclosure of HIV status is an essential part of behavior modification and access and adherence to treatment in people infected with HIV. We conducted interviews in 2 South African communities of similar ethnic mix but with very different rates of disclosure of HIV status and found that disclosure was the catalyst for access to a variety of important and often essential resources. In the community with high rates of disclosure of HIV infection, disclosure led to greater access to formal institutional support and opportunities to take positive leadership roles in the community. Our findings highlight the prominence of wider sociopolitical contexts for disclosure decisionmaking and the need for HIV interventions to increase levels of disclosure of HIV infection.

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“…34 Studies have also found that delayed disclosure to PHIVþ Latino youth may be explained by cultural norms within Latino families, where certain topics such as HIV/AIDS, sex, and drugs are simply not discussed with younger members of the family. 35,36 Studies have found that acculturation in general plays a role in the timing of HIV disclosure 37 and it has been associated with a greater knowledge of health issues and greater likelihood in utilizing health care resources. 38 Similar to this study's finding, Mason et al 39 found that, when compared to English-Speaking Latino men, Spanish-speaking Latino men were less likely to disclose their HIV status.…”

Section: Disclosure Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychosocial Implications of HIV Serostatus Disclosure to Youth with Perinatally Acquired HIV

Santamaria

Dolezal²,

Marhefka³

et al. 2011

AIDS Patient Care and STDs

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Recommendations suggest that older children and adolescents perinatally infected with HIV (PHIVþ) be informed of their HIV diagnosis; however, delayed disclosure is commonly reported. This study examined the prevalence and timing of HIV disclosure to PHIVþ adolescents and the associations between the timing of disclosure and psychological functioning and other behavioral outcomes. Recruitment took place at four medical centers in New York City between December 2003 and December 2008. This sample included data from 196 PHIVþ youth and their caregivers: 50% of youth were male, 58% African American, 42% Hispanic, with a mean age of 12.71 years. According to caregiver reports, 70% of the PHIVþ youth knew their HIV diagnosis. Youths who had been told were more likely to be older; youths with a Spanish-speaking Latino caregiver and whose caregivers had a grade school education were told at an older age. Youths who had been told their HIV status were significantly less anxious than those who had not been told; there were no other differences in psychological functioning. Youths who knew their status for longer reported higher intentions to self-disclose to potential sex partners. In multivariate analyses only demographic differences associated with timing of disclosure remained. In summary, PHIVþ youth who had been told their HIV status did not show an increase of psychological problems and were more likely to have intentions to self-disclose to sexual partners. Yet, almost one third was entering puberty without important information regarding their illness. Caregivers need support to address factors impeding HIV disclosure.

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Women's self-disclosure of HIV infection: Rates, reasons, and reactions.

Cited by 180 publications

References 19 publications

Impact of HIV-Related Stigma on Health Behaviors and Psychological Adjustment Among HIV-Positive Men and Women

Impact of HIV-Related Stigma on Health Behaviors and Psychological Adjustment Among HIV-Positive Men and Women

Factors Related to HIV Disclosure in 2 South African Communities

Psychosocial Implications of HIV Serostatus Disclosure to Youth with Perinatally Acquired HIV

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