This article describes the independent correlates of preincarceration community substance abuse treatment utilization for male and female offenders currently participating in prison-based treatment. As part of the National Institute on Drug Abuse-funded Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies cooperative agreement, this protocol was implemented by four collaborating research centers. Males with a history of treatment utilization were more likely to be older, to have used crack, and to have had a greater number of arrests, and they were less likely to be arrested for a violent charge. Females with previous treatment were more likely to have been hospitalized for a health condition and were significantly more likely to have lived with someone else before prison rather than in their own home. These findings suggest that factors associated with preincarceration treatment utilization differ by gender, which may have important implications for correctionalbased treatment assessment, reentry planning, and transitional case management.
Keywordsgender; treatment utilization; offenders; substance use Drug use is a growing problem among incarcerated males and females in the United States, as evidenced by national surveys that found that 83% of state prisoners reported past drug and alcohol use and that 56% reported using drugs and alcohol in the month before their offense (Mumola & Karberg, 2006). This survey also found that more than half of state (Mumola & Karberg, 2006). In addition, arrestee data from the Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring system indicated that more than a third (37%) of male arrestees and female arrestees (36%) in major U.S. urban cities reported frequent use of illicit drugs during the 30 days before their arrest (Zhang, 2003). Despite the growing number of incarcerated individuals with substance abuse problems, there are a limited number of drug abuse treatment programs for individuals in the U.S. criminal justice system. Although more than 80% of offenders are substance users, fewer than half (40%) reported participating in any type of drug or alcohol treatment or related program when they were incarcerated (Mumola & Karberg, 2006).
HHS Public AccessThus, with the increased number of offenders with substance abuse problems and the limitations of correctional service opportunities, there is increasing concern to understand ways to improve treatment opportunities for offenders in institutional settings and during the transition to the community. An important step in this process is to understand factors associated with offender community treatment utilization before being incarcerated. These factors are important to consider in a prison sample because the utilization of community substance abuse treatment is likely an important indicator of the severity of a substance abuse problem and the need for treatment, as considered in correctional treatment assessment and intake. These factors are also important to consider by gender because a number of studies have highlighted the unique treatmen...