Wood Adhesives Based on Natural Resources: A Critical Review: Part II. Carbohydrate‐Based Adhesives

Dunky, Manfred

doi:10.1002/9781119846703.ch9

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…Carbohydrates such as fructose, glucose, sucrose or xylose contain large numbers of hydroxyl groups, which cause water sensitivity. This is also a reason for why carbohydrates are not typically used in wood bonding [ 27 ]. The SusB adhesive was developed for boards used for interior fitments used in dry conditions (EN312, P2 classification [ 31 ]) with the intention to completely substitute the typically used urea-formaldehyde adhesive, and no hydrophobizing agents have been used for the production.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research on renewable, bio-based adhesives is an extremely active field aiming to provide a solution from a bioeconomy perspective [ 16 , 17 ]. For example, numerous promising wood adhesives were recently reported based on natural biopolymers such as lignin [ 18 , 19 ], tannin [ 20 , 21 ], proteins [ 22 , 23 ], starch [ 24 , 25 ], cellulose derivatives [ 26 ] or other carbohydrates [ 27 ]. However, comparable to the success story of formaldehyde-based adhesives [ 28 ], the potential adoption of bio-based adhesives in the wood-based panel market will be driven by their functional performance and not merely by the green credentials of renewable adhesives [ 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Mat Moisture Content, Adhesive Amount and Press Time on the Performance of Particleboards Bonded with Fructose-Based Adhesives

et al. 2022

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The study evaluates the performance of laboratory, single-layered particleboards made out of fructose-hydroxymethylfurfural-bishexamethylenetriamine (SusB) adhesive as a sustainable alternative. Several production parameters such as mat moisture content (MMC), adhesive amount and press time were varied and their effect on the bonding efficiency investigated. The internal bond strength (IB) and thickness swelling after 24 h of water immersion (TS) were taken as evaluation criteria for the bonding efficiency. pMDI-bonded particleboards were produced as fossil-based, formaldehyde-free reference. Particleboard testing was complemented by tensile shear strength measurements and thermal analysis. It was found that the MMC has the highest impact on the internal bond strength of SusB-bonded particleboards. In the presence of water, the reaction enthalpy of the main curing reaction (occurring at 117.7 °C) drops from 371.9 J/mol to 270.5 J/mol, leading to side reactions. By reducing the MMC from 8.7%, the IB increases to 0.61 N/mm2, thus surpassing P2 requirements of the European standard EN312. At a press factor of 10 s/mm, SusB-bonded particleboards have a similar IB strength as pMDI-bonded ones, with 0.59 ± 0.12 N/mm2 compared to 0.59 ± 0.09 N/mm2. Further research on the improvement of the dimensional stabilization of SusB-bonded PBs is needed, as the TS ranges from 30–40%.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Mat Moisture Content, Adhesive Amount and Press Time on the Performance of Particleboards Bonded with Fructose-Based Adhesives

et al. 2022

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“…Wood adhesives represent a key element in the production of wood-based composites [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Currently, approximately 95% of wood adhesives used worldwide for manufacturing wood composites are based on formaldehyde.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Particleboard Made of Agroforestry Residues Bonded with Thermosetting Adhesive Derived from Waste Styrofoam

Karliati,

Lubis,

Dungani

et al. 2024

Polymers

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This paper investigated the upcycling process of thermoplastic waste polystyrene (WPS) into thermosetting particleboard adhesive using two cross-linkers, namely methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) and maleic anhydride (MA). The WPS was dissolved in an organic co-solvent. The weight ratio of WPS/co-solvent was 1:9, and 10% of cross-linkers based on the WPS solids content were added subsequently at 60 °C under continuous stirring for 30 min. The adhesive properties, cohesion strength, and thermo-mechanical properties of WPS-based adhesives were examined to investigate the change of thermoplastic WPS to thermosetting adhesives. The bonding strength of WPS-based adhesives was evaluated in particleboard made of sengon (Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes) wood and rice straw particles at different weight ratios according to the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) A 5908:2003. Rheology and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis revealed that modification with MDI and MA resulted in thermosetting properties in WPS-based adhesives by increasing the viscosity at a temperature above 72.7 °C and reaching the maximum storage modulus above 90.8 °C. WPS modified with MDI had a lower activation energy (Ea) value (83.4 kJ/mole) compared to the WPS modified with MA (150.8 kJ/mole), indicating the cross-linking with MDI was much faster compared with MA. Particleboard fabricated from 100% sengon wood particles bonded with WPS modified with MDI fulfilled the minimum requirement of JIS A 5908:2003 for interior applications.

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“…Nowadays, wood adhesives are mainly based on fossil resources, and most of them contain formaldehyde, which is recognized as a carcinogen by the World Health Organization . Also, due to growing concerns for sustainability, health, and environment, a number of studies have been conducted, and many are still ongoing, with the aim of finding replacements for fossil-based adhesives. − Various biobased polymers have been suggested as possible resources for adhesives, among them carbohydrates such as cellulose, hemicelluloses, starch, and gums. − ,, Carbohydrates have the potential to be readily available at low cost and they could be a good resource for wood adhesives, but their main drawback is generally low water resistance . Hence, producing a carbohydrate-based wood adhesive with sufficient water resistance and at relatively low cost is still a challenge .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4−10 Various biobased polymers have been suggested as possible resources for adhesives, among them carbohydrates such as cellulose, hemicelluloses, starch, and gums. [5][6][7][8][9]11,12 Carbohydrates have the potential to be readily available at low cost and they could be a good resource for wood adhesives, but their main drawback is generally low water resistance. 12 Hence, producing a carbohydrate-based wood adhesive with sufficient water resistance and at relatively low cost is still a challenge.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Hemicellulose Molecular Weight on Bonding Properties in Biobased Wood Adhesives

Todorovic

Malmström

Fogelström

2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Today, the most commonly used adhesives in the wood industry are fossil-based, but the search for new, renewable and less hazardous, resources for adhesives is intensifying. Hemicelluloses show promising bonding performance when used as a component in wood adhesives. Since batch-to-batch variations can affect the use of hemicelluloses in a large-scale production, we have investigated the effect of hemicellulose molecular weight on important adhesive properties, such as viscosity and bond strength, by using locust bean gum as a hemicellulose model and varying the molecular weight through hydrolysis. Results showed that there is a nonlinear proportionality between bond strength and molecular weight. In the molecular weight range used in the study, 70–1460 kDa, anoptimum in the adhesive performance was achieved with intermediate molecular weights, 320 and 530 kDa, especially when considering applicability and bond strength. Adhesives with lower molecular weights, 70 and 150 kDa, did not exhibit sufficient cohesive strength; therefore, the bond strength was lower. The adhesive with higher molecular weight, 1460 kDa, was difficult to apply, especially since its maximum solid content was very low, 5 wt %.

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Wood Adhesives Based on Natural Resources: A Critical Review: Part II. Carbohydrate‐Based Adhesives

Cited by 9 publications

References 118 publications

Effect of Mat Moisture Content, Adhesive Amount and Press Time on the Performance of Particleboards Bonded with Fructose-Based Adhesives

Effect of Mat Moisture Content, Adhesive Amount and Press Time on the Performance of Particleboards Bonded with Fructose-Based Adhesives

Performance of Particleboard Made of Agroforestry Residues Bonded with Thermosetting Adhesive Derived from Waste Styrofoam

Effect of Hemicellulose Molecular Weight on Bonding Properties in Biobased Wood Adhesives

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