Wood Anatomical Studies of Boraginaceae (S.I.). I. Cordioideae

Gottwald, H.

doi:10.1163/22941932-90000409

Cited by 12 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Our sample of H. calcicola did not show any vestures in vessel pits, suggesting that Miller's (1977) record was an artefact and probably due to extraneous deposits in pit borders. Furthermore, the presence of weakly developed vestures in some Cordia species has been mentioned by various authors (Barajas-Morales, 1981;Gottwald, 1983;Nair & Mohan Ram, 1989), but we could not observe vestured pits in any of the Cordia species studied (Fig. 1A, L).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

“…When comparing more traditional tribal circumscriptions of Boraginoideae (de Candolle, 1846;Bentham & Hooker, 1873;Baillon, 1888;Gürke 1893;Al-Shehbaz, 1991;Riedl, 1997;Takhtajan, 1997), it becomes clear that Amsickia and Selkirkia, both lacking vestured pits, were traditionally grouped in Cynoglosseae or in the former Eritrichieae. The genera of Eritrichieae are nowadays included in Cynoglosseae or Echiochileae according to molecular analyses (Langström & (Miller, 1977); Lepidocordia, Pteleocarpa (Gottwald, 1982); Cordia (Barajas-Morales, 1981; Gottwald, 1983;Nair & Mohan Ram, 1989); Echium, Onosma, Lithodora (Schwein gruber, 1990); Echium (Jansen & al., 2001) Chase, 2002). Likewise, the taxonomic position of Mertensia has frequently been the topic of discussion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The phylogenetic significance of vestured pits in Boraginaceae

Rabaey¹,

Lens

Smets

et al. 2010

TAXON

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The bordered pit structure in tracheary elements of 105 Boraginaceae species is studied using scanning electron microscopy to examine the systematic distribution of vestured pits. Forty-three species out of 16 genera show a uniform presence of this feature throughout their secondary xylem. Most vestures are small, unbranched and associated with the outer pit aperture of bordered intervessel pits. The feature is likely to have originated independently in the distantly related subfamilies Boraginoideae (tribe Lithospermeae) and Ehretioideae. The distribution of vestures in Ehretia agrees with recent molecular phylogenies: (1) species with vestured pits characterise the Ehretia I group (incl. Rotula), and (2) species with non-vestured pits belong to the Ehretia II group (incl. Carmona). The occurrence of vestured pits in Hydrolea provides additional support for excluding this genus from Hydrophylloideae, since Hydrolea is the only species of this subfamily with vestured pits. Functional advantages of vestured pits promoting parallel evolution of this conservative feature are suggested. The hydraulic benefits of poorly developed vestures remain underinvestigated.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The phylogenetic significance of vestured pits in Boraginaceae

Rabaey¹,

Lens

Smets

et al. 2010

TAXON

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“…Papers subsequent to Metcalfe and Chalk (1950) have been utilized. These include Ayensu and Stem (1964), Baas (1973), Baas and Zweypfenning (1979), Bailey and Smith (1942), Bailey and Swamy (1949), Baretta-Kuipers (1976), Carlquist (1960, 1966, 1969, 1975, 1976a, 1976b, 1976c, 1977a, 1977b, 1978a, 1978b, 1980a, 198la, 1981b, 1981c, 1981d, 1981e, 1982a, 1982b, 1982c, 1983a, 1984a, 1984b, 1984c, Carlquist and DeBuhr (1977, Carlquist and Eckhart (1984), Carlquist et al (1983Carlquist et al ( , 1984, Carpenter and Dickison (1976), Dickison (1967Dickison ( , 1977Dickison ( , 1980Dickison ( , 1981, Dickison and Baas (1977), Dickison et al (1978), Gibson (1973), Giebel and Dickison (1976), Gottwald (1983), Koek-Noorman and Puff(1983), Koek-Noorman and Rijkvorsel (1983), Outer a...…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vessel Grouping in Dicotyledon Wood

Carlquist¹

1984

aliso

151

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Abstract.-A hitherto unappreciated correlation exists between nature of vessel grouping and nature of imperforate tracheary elements in wood of dicotyledons at large: families and genera with true tracheids (large fully bordered pits common on both radial and tangential walls) have solitary vessels. Presence of true tracheids as a subsidiary conductive system is hypothesized to render vessel grouping a superfluous adaptation. Vessel grouping does occur to various degrees in taxa with fiber-tracheids or libriform fibers; the degree of grouping is related to likelihood or seriousness of vessel failure by air embolisms because of either drought or frost. Grouping of vessels is regarded as a way of providing alternate conduits whereby water can be carried in the same pathways in case one or several vessels in a group are incapacitated by air embolisms. Presence of vascular tracheids, if sufficiently abundant, is held to be correlated with smaller degree of vessel grouping because vascular tracheids can form a subsidiary conductive system; small numbers of vascular tracheids do not affect vessel grouping patterns. Species which possess vasicentric tracheids possess a subsidiary conductive system ideally located around vessels and have solitary vessels or else (ifvasicentric tracheids are less common) a low degree of vessel grouping. Species with very large vessels at the beginning of growth rings tend to have little grouping in the earlywood vessels but more grouping in latewood vessels; this dimorphism is held to relate to enhanced safety oflatewood vessels, since earlywood vessels have little safety and the latewood is thereby the wood portion where safety mechanisms are concentrated. Fiber-tracheids do not have sufficient conductive capabilities to form a subsidiary conductive system; borders on pits of fiber-tracheids are rapidly lost during evolution, and such loss generally pr~cedes appearance of septate or nucleated conditions or is simultaneous with it. Relative selective value of the various vessel grouping types (clusters, radial multiples, diagonal bands, tangential bands) as well as of larger aggregations remains a topic for more investigation, as does significance of grouping of primary xylem vessels.

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“…Vestured pits are recorded in only a few genera of Boraginaceae: Bourreria, Echium, Lithodora, Onosma, Pteleocarpa, and Rochefortia; they are only weakly developed in Cordia and a single species of Heliotropium (Miller, 1977;Barajas- Gottwald, 1983;Nair & Mohan Ram, 1989;Schweingruber, 1990). The genera with vestured pits are found in all classical subfamilies, especially in Ehretioideae, but more observations on a wide range of genera are needed to understand the distribution and systematic significance of vestured pits in this family.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vestured pits: their occurrence and systematic importance in eudicots

Jansen

Baas

Smets

2001

TAXON

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Summary Jansen, S., Baas, P. & Smets, E.: Vestured pits: their occurrence and systematic importance in eudicots. – Taxon 50: 135–167. 2001. – ISSN 0040–0262. The distribution of vestured pits in secondary xylem reveals interesting patterns that may bear on hypotheses of phylogenetic relationships within eudicots. Vestured pits are found to be relatively widespread at the base of the eurosids I, eurosids II, and euasterids I, but the feature probably has been lost or originated independently in several more derived branches of these clades. Vestured pits characterise orders Myrtales and Gentianales sensu APG; other large monophyletic taxa that consistently show vestured pits include Malpighiaceae, Polygonaceae, Brassicaceae, and most Fabaceae. Representatives from euasterids II always show nonvestured pits. The occurrence of the character implies numerous parallel origins in the following divergent, major taxa: (1) Proteaceae, (2) Polygonaceae (Caryophyllales), (3) eurosids I (Zygophyllaceae, Fabales, very few Rosales, Malpighiales), (4) eurosids II (Myrtales, Malvales, Brassicales), and (5) euasterids I (Gentianales, Lamiales, Solanales). It is demonstrated that vestured pits frequently support results from DNA data.

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Wood Anatomical Studies of Boraginaceae (S.I.). I. Cordioideae

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

The phylogenetic significance of vestured pits in Boraginaceae

The phylogenetic significance of vestured pits in Boraginaceae

Vessel Grouping in Dicotyledon Wood

Vestured pits: their occurrence and systematic importance in eudicots

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