Wood as an Energy Source: Potential Trends, Usage of Wood, and Energy Politics

Balat, Mustafa; Bozbas, Kahraman

doi:10.1080/00908310600718791

Cited by 24 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Warm countries give medium yield of biomass, while tropic and sub tropic countries are characterized by high biomass yield and thanks to the photosynthetic efficient plants (like maize and sugar cane) that are capable of fixing carbon in molecules that have four carbon atoms in the presence of abundant water resources and appropriate growth conditions. 18 Agricultural wastes, wood and its wastes as well as municipal solid waste (MSW) are the main sources of biomass energy. 12,19 The main criteria that affect the appropriateness of any crop candidate as a source of biomass energy are the large dry organic matter yield/area and the lower costs of extracting such energy by decreasing the cultivation requirements.…”

Section: Biomass As the Origin Of Alternative New Regenerative Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

Photobiostimulation of anaerobic digestion by laser irradiation and photocatalytic effects of trace metals and nanomaterials on biogas production

2020

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Biogas generation from the latent energy in biomass is one of the most attractive renewable energy sources. This can be attributed to the environmental friendly nature of the process and its less energy requirements. This article reviews the anaerobic digestion of biomass (livestock manure and crop residues) for biogas and methane production as a source of renewable energy. Furthermore, this study investigates the enhancement of biogas and methane production using light and laser radiations. The laser radiation accelerates bacterial division and growth, where this process is termed as "photobiostimulation." Additionally, laser radiation photoactivates the inactive enzymes. The results of this literature review showed that the irradiation of methanogenic bacteria with laser sources increased the biogas production by one and a half fold the traditional method of biogas production. The simultaneous irradiation of both nanomaterials and methanogenic bacteria using laser radiation increased the biogas volume by twofolds the biogas volume resulted from the traditional method of biogas production.

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Section: Biomass As the Origin Of Alternative New Regenerative Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

Photobiostimulation of anaerobic digestion by laser irradiation and photocatalytic effects of trace metals and nanomaterials on biogas production

2020

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“…The total forest potential of Turkey is around 935 million m 3 with an annual growth of about 28 million m 3 (Balat, 2005a). Around 90% of this potential includes high productive forests and other woodlands, the others being low productive forests and other woodlands (Balat and Bozbas, 2006). The total forest area occupies 27.2% of the land area (GDF, 2009b) Kumbaroglu et al, 2004;Kucukali, 2008. land area (Ozturk and Bascetincelik, 2006).…”

Section: Renewable Energy In Turkey 21 Turkey's Renewable Energy Pomentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status and Future Prospects of Renewable Energy Use in Turkey

Kırtay¹

2010

Energy Exploration & Exploitation

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a b s t r a c tNigeria is faced with chronic electricity crisis that has resulted in the crippling of most sectors of the economy. It is estimated that only 40% of Nigerians are connected to the national grid and the connected population are exposed to frequent power outages. Nigeria's electricity grid is mainly powered by large hydropower and depleting hydrocarbon resources. Fossil-based electricity generation contributes not only to increase in carbon footprints, but also exposes the country to changes in price of petroleum resources and political instability from the oil producing region of the country. The country is blessed with abundant Renewable Energy (RE) resources that have not been fully exploited; these renewable resources have the potentials to change the status quo of power generation and consumption in the country. Availability of Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) in all parts of Nigeria has been demonstrated in several studies. However, there is presently no comprehensive review of RE development in Nigeria. This contribution aims to fill this gap by focusing on the current status and future prospects of RE in Nigeria as well as identifying the key challenges confronting full scale RE development in the country. We discussed the existing government policies and legislations, and proposed others that can help speed up the adoption of RE in Nigeria. We also compared RE development in Nigeria with four other sub-Sahara African countries. We hope that this paper will stimulate further research on how to address the energy crisis in Nigeria using the RESs.

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“…In general, in order to find the equivalent price of wood compared with oil or gas on a cost per gigajoule basis, it is necessary to add approximately 50% to the wood price to account for the higher capital, operating and maintenance costs. Therefore, firewood can compete with other energy sources such as coal and natural gas when the woody-biomass is supplied at very low prices or the woody-biomass plants are established in places where the electricity costs are considerably high (Balat and Bozbas, 2006). In Table 6, a recent comparison of prices of fuelwood and other fuels are given for Turkey using 2009 data (OGM, 2009b).…”

Section: Firewood and Forestry Potentials Of Turkeymentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Contribution of Firewood, Energy Forestation and Forest Residues in Turkey

Güçbilmez

Bakış

Çalış

2010

Energy Exploration & Exploitation

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In this paper, the firewood, energy forest and forest residue potentials of Turkey are investigated. Turkey has no large oil or gas reserves and more than half of the consumed energy is imported from abroad. Hence, in order to provide a sustainable economic development, new long-term energy strategies, which will reduce the share of fossil fuels and increase the share of renewable energy sources in the primary energy consumption, have to be developed. Presently, Turkey has 21.2 million hectares (ha) of forested land (27.2% of the territory) and the annual production of firewood is about 6-7 million m 3. In addition, approximately 7 million m 3 forest residues are formed during cutting and maintenance operations each year. Despite these high potentials, these resources can not be utilized efficiently. Most of the firewood produced is used illegally by local people for household needs. Only 15% of the available energy forests are utilized by classical methods which result in very low product yields and there are no modern plants to convert the firewood and forest residues into heat and electric energies. If, however, modern plants can be established to generate electric and heat energies from the produced firewood and formed forest residues, at least 2 Mtep (million tons of equivalent petroleum) of the energy consumption of the country can be met.

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Wood as an Energy Source: Potential Trends, Usage of Wood, and Energy Politics

Cited by 24 publications

References 9 publications

Photobiostimulation of anaerobic digestion by laser irradiation and photocatalytic effects of trace metals and nanomaterials on biogas production

Photobiostimulation of anaerobic digestion by laser irradiation and photocatalytic effects of trace metals and nanomaterials on biogas production

Current Status and Future Prospects of Renewable Energy Use in Turkey

Potential Contribution of Firewood, Energy Forestation and Forest Residues in Turkey

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