Wood Chip Production Efficiency Depending on Chipper Type

Stolarski, Jakub; Wierzbicki, Sławomir; Nitkiewicz, Szymon; Stolarski, M.

doi:10.3390/en16134894

Cited by 10 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Similar values of HHV and LHV in the cones of the examined tree species were reported by other researchers [7,35,41]. The HHV and LHV of conifer cones were higher than the values noted in pinewood chips, other types of sawmill waste (sawdust, woodchips) from coniferous trees, and the biomass of forest residues [10,47,52]. These parameters can be increased through torrefaction [53].…”

Section: Thermophysical Properties Of Seed Extraction Residuessupporting

confidence: 85%

“…The examined cones were somewhat more abundant in carbon and hydrogen than cones harvested in other regions and seasons [46,51]. The sulfur and nitrogen content of the analyzed cones was somewhat higher than that reported in forest waste biomass [10,11,47]. The concentration of sulfur was highest in empty seeds, and similar observations were made in other studies of forest waste biomass [54].…”

Section: Elemental Composition Of Seed Extraction Residuessupporting

confidence: 79%

“…The values of the bulk density of cones, noted in this study, are comparable to the bulk density of woodchips. In the work of Stolarski et al [10], the bulk density of woodchips was determined to be in the range of 245.47-258.64 kg m −3 . In turn, Spinelli et al [41] found that the bulk density of woodchips from various species of forest trees ranged from 266 to 347 kg m −3 .…”

Section: Bulk Density Of Seed Extraction Residuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These discrepancies could be attributed to different cone-drying processes in other seed extraction plants. Due to their low moisture content, seed extraction residues are better suited for energy generation than other types of forest biomass [8,10,11,43]. The moisture content of seed extraction residues is similar to that of processed solid biofuels, such as pellets and briquettes derived from forest waste biomass [7,[44][45][46].…”

Section: Thermophysical Properties Of Seed Extraction Residuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Solid biofuels have the largest share of renewable energy production, which exceeded 40% in the EU and 64% in Poland in 2022 [2]. Solid biomass for energy generation is derived mainly from forests and the timber industry [3][4][5][6][7][8][9], and it consists of sawmill waste such as branches, woodchips, bark, and sawdust [10,11]. Forest residues account for around 1% of waste biomass used in energy generation [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy Efficiency of Conifer Cones and Seed Extraction Residue Biomass

Kwiatkowski,

Sztejna

2024

Sustainability

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Sustainable forest management, which accounts for the multiple roles played by forests, includes seed collection from selected areas for forest renewal and regeneration. The process of harvesting conifer seeds generates considerable amounts of waste biomass that can be used as a source of energy to supplement the local solid fuel market. Therefore, their quality is an important consideration. The mass fraction of Scots pine seed extraction residues was determined in this study. The thermophysical properties and elemental composition of the residues and spent Norway spruce and European larch cones (after seed extraction) were evaluated. An analysis of Scots pine seed extraction residues revealed that only cones had practical application. They accounted for more than 99% of total residue biomass and were characterized by the lowest content of ash, sulfur, and chlorine. The calorific value of cones of the analyzed tree species ranged from 17.08 to 18.29 MJ kg−1, the chlorine content was 0.010–0.041% DM, and the sulfur content was 0.019–0.043% DM. Due to the specificity of the extraction process, the generated waste, including cones, had a very low moisture content of 6.86–10.02%, which significantly increased their value as solid fuel.

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Section: Thermophysical Properties Of Seed Extraction Residuessupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Elemental Composition Of Seed Extraction Residuessupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Bulk Density Of Seed Extraction Residuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thermophysical Properties Of Seed Extraction Residuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy Efficiency of Conifer Cones and Seed Extraction Residue Biomass

Kwiatkowski,

Sztejna

2024

Sustainability

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Development and research of methods for strengthening the blades of a straw spreader

Malikov,

Katasonov,

Shmykova

et al. 2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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In this article, a comprehensive analysis of existing materials, hardening methods, design and features of the work of parts in the composition of aggregates is carried out. Based on this analysis, the choice of material for the base and reinforcing coating was carried out, and the most effective ways of strengthening the blades of the straw spreader were determined, which are installed on combines instead of similar imported parts. In the course of the study, the spread of blanks and hardened parts by weight, the degree of wear of knives in real operation, as well as the chemical and phase composition, structure and properties of reinforcing coatings were studied. 65G steel is proposed as a modern import-substituting material, and 6HV2C steel is proposed as a promising one. To increase the hardness and wear resistance of the knife blade, the technology of induction surfacing of modified hard alloys (composites) using high-frequency transistor converters (inverters) with a programmable mode is proposed. This technique makes it possible to achieve a more uniform heat distribution and ensure high accuracy of temperature control during the surfacing process, which improves the mechanical properties of the coating. The use of boron carbide and spherical tungsten carbide as a wear resistance modifier makes it possible to increase the hardness of the coating to 62-67 HRC, suppress the growth of dendritic structures, increase the adhesion of the functional filler to the composite matrix, reduce dispersion and increase the microhardness of the carbide phase, which together increases the potential wear resistance of the coating. The use of induction surfacing of modified hard alloys on knife blades contributes to a significant increase in their service life by increasing resistance to mechanical damage and wear.

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Analysis of the Yield Potential of Vineyard Chips for Energy, Composting and Raw Material Use

Souček,

Burg,

BuMašánrg

et al. 2024

Rural Development 2019

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This article focuses on the issue of the utilization of the woody matter generated by vineyard maintenance. This material is generated by regular winter pruning and the disposal of old growth during replanting. In view of current environmental trends, it is not possible to dispose of this material by inappropriate burning on the land as in the past. Instead, it is desirable to use this wood as raw material for further use. In the operating conditions, the authors have determined the yield of the wood mass in the maintenance and disposal of stands of selected varieties. The average wood yield ranged 1,8 -2,8 t•ha -1 . The lowest yield was recorded for the variety Riesling walrus. The most profitable varieties were St. Lawrence and Sauvignon. The authors determined the energy and time requirements for disintegration into graft form. The measurements were carried out using a PEZZOLATO 110 Mb chipper driven by a HONDA GX 120 four-stroke petrol engine. During the chipping process it was determined the time required for chipping, weight of the obtained chip, fuel consumption, RPM of the chipping, content of water and mean particle length. From the values of the monitored parameters, the performance of the chipper, the specific energy consumed and the specific gravity were further calculated. The mean chip length was 4,4 -9,24 mm. The output of the equipment was in the range of 0.5 -1 m 3 •h -1 . The specific energy consumption for chipping ranged from 144,6 -259,8 MJ•t -1 . The wood chips produced from the woody matter generated during vineyard maintenance have potential for energy and material recovery. Given the area and age structure of vineyards, it can be assumed that 24 -38 thousand tonnes per year will be available in the Czech Republic in the long term. At EU level, the amount of material can be expected to be between 4,2 and 6,7 million tonnes annually.

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Wood Chip Production Efficiency Depending on Chipper Type

Cited by 10 publications

References 45 publications

Energy Efficiency of Conifer Cones and Seed Extraction Residue Biomass

Energy Efficiency of Conifer Cones and Seed Extraction Residue Biomass

Development and research of methods for strengthening the blades of a straw spreader

Analysis of the Yield Potential of Vineyard Chips for Energy, Composting and Raw Material Use

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