Wood combustion, a dominant source of winter aerosol in residential district in proximity to a large automobile factory in Central Europe

Hovorka, Jan; Pokorná, Petra; Hopke, Philip K.; Křůmal, Kamil; Mikuška, Pavel; Píšová, Martina

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.04.068

Cited by 37 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…This, together with increased regional concentrations of biomass combustion (e.g. Hovorka et al, 2015) and secondary material, emphasizes the importance of transboundary pollution transport for regional air quality in the area of Leipzig. The results presented here provided a robust and feasible source allocation and estimation of the R+C increments to urban pollution.…”

Section: Residual Oil Combustion (V-ni) and Industrial (Anthropogenic)mentioning

confidence: 93%

Long range and local air pollution: what can we learn from chemical speciation of particulate matter at paired sites?

Pandolfi¹,

Mooibroek²,

Hopke³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. We report here results of a detailed analysis of the urban and non-urban contributions to PM concentrations and source contributions in 5 European cities, namely: Shiedam (The Netherlands; NL), Lens (France; FR), Leipzig (Germany; DE), Zurich (Switzerland; CH) and Barcelona (Spain; ES). PM chemically speciated data from 12 European paired monitoring sites (1 traffic, 5 urban, 5 regional and 1 continental background) were analyzed by Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) and Lenschow's approach to assign measured PM and source contributions to the different spatial levels. Five common sources were obtained at the 12 sites: sulfate-rich (SSA) and nitrate-rich (NSA) aerosols, road traffic (RT), mineral matter (MM), and sea salt (SS). These sources explained from 55&#8201;% to 88&#8201;% of PM mass at urban low-traffic impact sites (UB) depending on the country. Three additional common sources were detected at a subset of sites/countries, namely: biomass burning (BB) (FR, CH, and DE), explaining an additional 9&#8211;13&#8201;% of PM mass, residual oil combustion (V-Ni), and primary industrial (IND) (NL and ES), together explaining an additional 11&#8211;15&#8201;% of PM mass. In all countries, the majority of PM measured at UB sites was of regional&#8201;+&#8201;continental (R&#8201;+&#8201;C) nature (64&#8211;74&#8201;%). The R&#8201;+&#8201;C PM increments due to anthropogenic emissions were in the range 10&#8211;11&#8201;&#956;g/m3 in CH, NL and DE (52&#8201;%, 62&#8201;% and 66&#8201;%, respectively, of UB PM mass), followed by ES (8&#8201;g/m3; 32&#8201;%) and FR (5&#8201;g/m3; 23&#8201;%). Overall, the R&#8201;+&#8201;C PM increments due to natural and anthropogenic sources showed opposite seasonal profiles with the former increasing in summer and the latter increasing in winter, even if exceptions were observed. In ES, the anthropogenic R&#8201;+&#8201;C PM increment was higher in summer due to high contributions from regional SSA and V-Ni sources, both being mostly related to maritime shipping emissions at the Spanish sites. Conversely, in the other countries, higher anthropogenic R&#8201;+&#8201;C PM increments in winter were mostly due to high contributions from NSA and BB regional sources during the cold season. On annual average, the sources showing higher R&#8201;+&#8201;C increments were SSA (77&#8211;91&#8201;% of SSA source contribution at urban level), NSA (51&#8211;94&#8201;%), MM (58&#8211;80&#8201;%), BB (42&#8211;78&#8201;%), IND (91&#8201;% in the Netherlands). Other sources showing high R&#8201;+&#8201;C increments were photochemistry (PHO) and coal combustion (CC) (97&#8211;99&#8201;%; detected only in DE). The highest regional SSA increment was observed in ES, especially in summer, and was related to ship emissions, enhanced photochemistry and peculiar meteorological patterns of the Western Mediterranean. The highest R&#8201;+&#8201;C and urban NSA increments were observed in NL and associated with high availability of precursors such as NOx and NH3. Conversely, on average, the sources showing higher local increments were RT (62&#8211;90&#8201;% at all sites) and V-Ni (65&#8211;80&#8201;% in ES and NL). The relationship between SSA and V-Ni indicated that the contribution of ship emissions to the local sulfate concentrations in NL strongly decreased from 2007 thanks to the shift from high-sulfur to low-sulfur content fuel used by ships. Based on the present analysis, an improvement of air quality in the 5 cities included here could be achieved by further reducing local (urban) emissions of PM, NOx and NH3 (from both traffic and non-traffic sources) but also SO2 and PM (from maritime ships and ports) and giving high relevance to non-urban contributions by further reducing emissions of SO2 (maritime shipping) and NH3 (agriculture) and those from industry, regional BB sources and coal combustion.

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Section: Residual Oil Combustion (V-ni) and Industrial (Anthropogenic)mentioning

confidence: 93%

Long range and local air pollution: what can we learn from chemical speciation of particulate matter at paired sites?

Pandolfi¹,

Mooibroek²,

Hopke³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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show abstract

“…The European incentives to use biomass fuels, under the assumption of biomass carbon neutrality, have caused a further increase in wood burning for heating purposes in several European cities (Bari et al, 2011;Gu et al, 2013;Waked et al, 2014;Hovorka et al, 2015). Along with this trend, the financial crisis in Europe during the past 9 years has brought about a significant increase in the market price of conventional fuels, primarily due to very high taxation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in domestic heating fuel use in Greece: effects on atmospheric chemistry and radiation

et al. 2017

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Abstract. For the past 8 years, Greece has been experiencing a major financial crisis which, among other side effects, has led to a shift in the fuel used for residential heating from fossil fuel towards biofuels, primarily wood. This study simulates the fate of the residential wood burning aerosol plume (RWB smog) and the implications on atmospheric chemistry and radiation, with the support of detailed aerosol characterization from measurements during the winter of 2013-2014 in Athens. The applied model system (TNO-MACC_II emissions and COSMO-ART model) and configuration used reproduces the measured frequent nighttime aerosol spikes (hourly PM 10 > 75 µg m −3 ) and their chemical profile (carbonaceous components and ratios). Updated temporal and chemical RWB emission profiles, derived from measurements, were used, while the level of the model performance was tested for different heating demand (HD) conditions, resulting in better agreement with measurements for T min < 9 • C. Half of the aerosol mass over the Athens basin is organic in the submicron range, of which 80 % corresponds to RWB (average values during the smog period). Although organic particles are important light scatterers, the direct radiative cooling of the aerosol plume during wintertime is found low (monthly average forcing of -0.4 W m −2 at the surface), followed by a minor feedback to the concentration levels of aerosol species. The low radiative cooling of a period with such intense air pollution conditions is attributed to the timing of the smog plume appearance, both directly (longwave radiation increases during nighttime) and indirectly (the mild effect of the residual plume on solar radiation during the next day, due to removal and dispersion processes).

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“…The relative importance of biomass burning during winter could appear as surprising because Fos-sur-Mer is located in the south of France with relatively mild winters, even if frequent cold episodes are linked to strong northerly winds. Indeed, similar contributions of wood burning are typically observed for colder regions such as alpine valleys (Bonvalot et al, 2016;Zotter et al, 2014)or in the Czerch city of Mladá Boleslav (Hovorka et al, 2015). However, in these colder regions, wood is usually burnt in closed fireplaces and woodstoves, whereas green waste combustion and agricultural combustion may be more frequent in the south of France.…”

Section: Apportionment Results For Fos-sur-mer and Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 57%

Source apportionment of carbonaceous aerosols in the vicinity of a Mediterranean industrial harbor: A coupled approach based on radiocarbon and molecular tracers

Bonvalot

Tuna

Fagault

et al. 2019

Atmospheric Environment

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Located in the Mediterranean Basin and close to Marseilles (France), Fos-sur-Mer is situated in the vicinity of industrial harbor and agricultural lands. Its location makes it prone to mixed pollution contributions.To characterize the background pollution and identify its multiple origins, carbonaceous particles are investigated using a coupled approach based on analyses of radiocarbon, elemental to total carbon ratio (EC/TC) and various molecular tracers such as levoglucosan.The measurements in about 30 samples collected during summer and fall/winter 2013, allow the detection of a strong seasonality of the pollution: the fall/winter PM2.5 concentration equals to three times the summer concentration and we observe a significant fluctuation of the relative contributions of fossil and nonfossil fractions (fNF is ≈ 0.83 for fall/winter samples and ≈ 0.59 for summer samples).Significant correlations between radiocarbon, levoglucosan and different methoxyphenols, allow the quantification of a major influence of biomass burning emissions during fall and winter. Biomass burning organic carbon (OCBB) and elemental carbon (ECBB) contribute to 44.5 % and 8.1 % of the TC, respectively, whereas their total contribution is only 3 % in summer samples.Biogenic emission are the main sources of carbon during summer. Significant correlations with malic acid and DL glyceric acid suggest a secondary origin. These correlations are not observed for the cold season samples, suggesting a different source for OCbio.Fossil carbons (ECF and OCF) from vehicular, shipping and industrial sources are relatively high during summer, with a predominance of the fossil origin in elemental carbon (98%). Nevertheless, the total fossil carbon concentration remains significant throughout the year, which is the signature of an important traffic and industrial activity during both seasons.Overall, our study based on radiocarbon and molecular tracers illustrates the power of a coupled approach in order to identify and quantify biomass burning, biogenic, traffic and industrial sources of carbonaceous aerosols.

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Wood combustion, a dominant source of winter aerosol in residential district in proximity to a large automobile factory in Central Europe

Cited by 37 publications

References 56 publications

Long range and local air pollution: what can we learn from chemical speciation of particulate matter at paired sites?

Long range and local air pollution: what can we learn from chemical speciation of particulate matter at paired sites?

Changes in domestic heating fuel use in Greece: effects on atmospheric chemistry and radiation

Source apportionment of carbonaceous aerosols in the vicinity of a Mediterranean industrial harbor: A coupled approach based on radiocarbon and molecular tracers

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