Wood Decay Fungi Restore Essential Calcium to Acidic Soils in Northern New England

Shortle, Walter C.; Smith, Kevin T.

doi:10.3390/f6082571

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…For example, stems with higher Ca concentrations had slower decay rates, accounting for more than 20% of variation in the response. This finding does not fit the paradigm that calcium is a limiting nutrient in wood for fungal decomposers as others have found (Boddy, 1999; Shortle & Smith, 2015). Perhaps calcium has undiscovered direct negative effects on decomposer communities and/or activities, for example, by increasing the pH as has been studied using calcium hydroxide nanoparticles (Gioria & Osborne, 2014).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

Initial wood trait variation overwhelms endophyte community effects for explaining decay trajectories

et al. 2022

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1. Microbial organisms, environmental conditions and their interactions govern many ecosystem processes. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of priority effects, that is, the identity of potential decomposers present early in community assembly, in determining resulting decay rates especially for wood.In diverse forests, available woody substrates differ chemically and structurally with implications for their role as both habitats and resources for microbes. Both wood traits and microbial communities at the start of the decay process affect subsequent decay rates, but the relative magnitude of effects is not known. In this work, we sought to ask a simple question: what are the relative effects of microbial communities and wood traits? 2. We characterized fungal and oomycete endophytes with amplicon sequencing from stems of 22 woody species growing in woodlands near Richmond, NSW, Australia, and measured 11 traits to capture variation in the physical and chemical wood substrates. To evaluate the consequence of endophyte diversity and wood traits on the trajectory of decay, stem samples were sequentially harvested over 5 years to quantify the decay rate, its consistency and how it varies through time.3. We did not find evidence to support particular initial endophyte compositions leading to faster decay. Instead, initial wood attributes were much more powerful in explaining decay trajectories with smaller, less dense stems with high water, low N and low lignin concentrations decomposing consistently faster.4. These data show that initial wood traits have long-lasting consequences on decay unlike natural variation in endophyte communities, supporting the idea that community member functions are highly redundant. Wood substratedriven environmental filtering, rather than endophyte-driven priority effects,

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

Initial wood trait variation overwhelms endophyte community effects for explaining decay trajectories

et al. 2022

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“…Differential translocation of the ions prevalent in the fungal hyphae was observed indicating that fungi solubilize and transport ions from the soil to wood, and both into and out of the wood cell walls. The reasons for translocation and solubilization of some ions is not known, but for the oxidized forms of Fe and Mn it is well known that oxalate sequesters and solubilizes these ions, permitting mobilization and functional access to the organism 2 . Because of the increase in Fe during decay and the spatial control at both the bulk ( Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Understanding the role of ions in fungal degradation of woody biomass is salient to a wide range of research disciplines including carbon sequestration 1 2 , forest ecology 3 4 , plant pathology 5 , biorefinery 6 7 , basic fungal physiology 8 , and the durability and utility of wood in structural applications 9 10 11 12 13 . It is estimated that 10% of the lumber harvested each year is used to replace in-service wood that has been attacked by decay fungi 14 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy enables multiscale spatial visualization of ions involved in fungal lignocellulose deconstruction

Kirker

Zelinka

Gleber

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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The role of ions in the fungal decay process of lignocellulose biomaterials, and more broadly fungal metabolism, has implications for diverse research disciplines ranging from plant pathology and forest ecology, to carbon sequestration. Despite the importance of ions in fungal decay mechanisms, the spatial distribution and quantification of ions in lignocellulosic cell walls and fungal hyphae during decay is not known. Here we employ synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) to map and quantify physiologically relevant ions, such as K, Ca, Mn, Fe, and Zn, in wood being decayed by the model brown rot fungus Serpula lacrymans. Two-dimensional XFM maps were obtained to study the ion spatial distributions from mm to submicron length scales in wood, fungal hyphae with the dried extracellular matrix (ECM) from the fungus, and Ca oxalate crystals. Three-dimensional ion volume reconstructions were also acquired of wood cell walls and hyphae with ECM. Results show that the fungus actively transports some ions, such as Fe, into the wood and controls the distribution of ions at both the bulk wood and cell wall length scales. These measurements provide new insights into the movement of ions during decay and illustrate how synchrotron-based XFM is uniquely suited study these ions.

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“…Early studies recognized the importance of basic amino acids on the ligand that seemed critical for LRP1 receptor binding (Arandjelovic et al, 2005; Mahley et al, 1977; M. M. Migliorini et al, 2003; Prasad et al, 2016; Weisgraber et al, 1978). When the structure of two complement-like repeats (CR) from the LDL receptor in complex with the third domain of RAP (Fisher et al, 2006) was solved, a canonical model for ligand binding to LRP1 was revealed in which acidic residues from each CR formed an acidic pocket for in which two lysine side chains (K256 and K270) from RAP are docked.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LRP1 and SORL1 regulate tau internalization and degradation and enhance tau seeding

Cooper

Lathuilière

Migliorini

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The identification of the apoE receptor, LRP1, as an endocytic receptor for tau raises several questions about LRP1s’ role in tauopathies. Is internalized tau, like other LRP1 ligands, delivered to lysosomes for degradation? Does LRP1 internalize pathological tau leading to cytosolic seeding? Do other, related receptors participate in these processes? We confirm that LRP1 rapidly internalizes tau, leading to efficient lysosomal degradation. Employing brain homogenates from human Alzheimer brain, we find that LRP1 also mediates cytosolic tau seeding. We additionally found that another apoE receptor, SORL1, a gene implicated in AD risk, also mediates tau endocytosis, degradation, and release into the cytoplasm of seed competent species. These data suggest a role for these apoE receptors in tau uptake, as well as the competing processes of degradation and release to the cytoplasm. The balance of these processes may be fundamental to spread of neuropathology across the brain in Alzheimer disease.

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Wood Decay Fungi Restore Essential Calcium to Acidic Soils in Northern New England

Cited by 7 publications

References 35 publications

Initial wood trait variation overwhelms endophyte community effects for explaining decay trajectories

Initial wood trait variation overwhelms endophyte community effects for explaining decay trajectories

Synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy enables multiscale spatial visualization of ions involved in fungal lignocellulose deconstruction

LRP1 and SORL1 regulate tau internalization and degradation and enhance tau seeding

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