Wood Deterioration by Insects

Pournou, Anastasia

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-46504-9_7

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…As reported for several other wood-feeding beetles [1,8], the larvae of the anobiid beetle N. hirtum can subsist on plain softwood (pine) and hardwood (beech) lignocellulose diets and utilize them as a sole carbon source, although adding starch and protein into the hardwood (Shorea) lignocellulose diet can greatly promote their survival and growth (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Wood-feeding or xylophagous insects are mainly distributed in the three major orders of Insecta, i.e., Coleoptera (beetles), Blattodea (cockroaches and termites) and Hymenoptera (ants, bees, and wasps) [1]. They comprise important wood consumers (e.g., termites) that have a significant impact on wood decay and carbon recycling in terrestrial ecosystems [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They comprise important wood consumers (e.g., termites) that have a significant impact on wood decay and carbon recycling in terrestrial ecosystems [2]. Many are also recognized as wood pests because they can inflict severe damage on economically important forest trees and dry wood materials [1]. These wood-feeding insects have developed unique and diverse digestive systems, often associated with intestinal microbial symbionts, which can produce the enzymes necessary to decompose lignocellulose, the recalcitrant biocomposite of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin that constitutes woody plant cell walls [2][3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural basis of lignocellulose deconstruction by the wood-feeding anobiid beetle Nicobium hirtum

et al. 2022

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The details of the lignocellulose deconstruction processes in the digestive systems of wood-feeding insects remain elusive. This study aimed to examine the biochemical conversion of lignocellulose in the digestive system of a wood-feeding anobiid beetle, Nicobium hirtum, one of the most important pests of wooden products in Japan. To this end, N. hirtum larvae were fed with Japanese red pine (softwood) and Japanese beech (hardwood) sapwood diets, as well as an artificial diet containing Shorea wood (hardwood) sapwood sawdust. The structural differences between the original and digested (feces) lignocellulose samples were examined using wet-chemical and two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods. Cellulose and hemicelluloses, especially mannan in the softwood diet, were preferentially degraded over lignin in the larval digestive system. As a result, lignin was enriched in the digested lignocellulose residues. Lignin compositional analyses based on thioacidolysis and 2D NMR determined that the proportions of oxidized lignin aromatic units were notably increased after digestion. Further, the 2D NMR analyses revealed the accumulation of aldehyde and hydroxypropiovanillone/syringone end-unit structures in lignin, indicating that oxidative and/or reductive modifications of lignin polymers occur in the larval digestive system. Such structural alterations of lignin may facilitate the dissociation of the lignin barrier, thereby liberating polysaccharides for subsequent enzymatic conversion for assimilation and energy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural basis of lignocellulose deconstruction by the wood-feeding anobiid beetle Nicobium hirtum

et al. 2022

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“…Naturally distributed across 3.98 lakh hectares of dispersed forests, there is a growing trend of cultivating this species on farmland [11]. However, extensive cultivation efforts by both the State Forest Department and farmers have led to an increase in the occurrence and spread of insect pests in nurseries and plantations [12][13][14]. The specific insect-pest complex targeting red sanders in nurseries, plantations, and natural forests remains unidentified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Report of Stem Borer (Xylotrechus smei) Occurrence on Red Sanders Plantations of Tamil Nadu and Gujarat, India

K. N.,

M. A.,

et al. 2024

JSRR

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This communication presents the first documented case of the stem borer Xylotrechus smei (Cerambycidae: Coleoptera) infesting red sanders in Tamil Nadu and Gujarat, India. The pest was detected in red sanders plantations located in Dharmapuri and Tenkasi districts of Tamil Nadu, as well as in Surat, Navsari, and Tapi districts of Gujarat, India, during August 2023. In both regions, young red sanders trees aged between 2 to 16 years were affected, with incidence levels varying from 2.24% to 10.86% in the affected plantations. Signs of infestation include the presence of galleries, bore holes in cut stems, complete drying, and mortality of the trees. Initially, larvae feed on the bark, and as they mature, they tunnel through the cambium and wood, impeding nutrient flow and leading to tree mortality. The larvae's deep tunneling within the wood makes them difficult to eradicate with pesticides. Adult beetles typically emerge in peak numbers during April to May and November to December, coinciding with their mating period and selection of host plants for egg-laying. This report aims to outline the damage caused by the stem borer in red sanders and document ongoing monitoring efforts to support interim management strategies.

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“…Water can pose substantial risks to heritage, and in particular, timber heritage is sensitive to moisture (Sabbioni et al, 2010). Changes in temperature and moisture can influence rates of fungal growth (Choidis et al, 2021), insect attack (Brimblecombe & Lankester, 2013; Pournou, 2020), as well as causing physical stress on the material through processes such as wetting and drying and salt crystallization (e.g., Blanchette et al, 2002). Therefore, the risk of climate to timber heritage has been found to be high in areas with a high number of annual rain days, such as west Africa and the Congo Basin (Brimblecombe & Richards, 2022; Richards & Brimblecombe, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling temperature‐precipitation pressures on African timber heritage

Richards,

Brimblecombe,

Engelstaedter

2023

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Climate parameters can be refined for use in a heritage context to capture climate‐based deterioration processes occurring on buildings and sites. The Scheffer index, which combines temperature and rainfall components, is commonly used as a metric of wood decay risk. Understanding how the index is likely to change is important for developing effective conservation strategies for timber heritage. However, there has been limited research assessing the agreement between climate model outputs for such heritage‐based metrics. This is especially important where capturing projected rainfall is known to be problematic, such as over regions of Africa. We address the following questions: to what extent is there model agreement over continental Africa for (i) the magnitude of the Scheffer index and (ii) the direction of change of future Scheffer indices. A multi‐model ensemble (MME) approach was used utilizing 13 CMIP6 models under the SPS585 scenario. Results showed that rainfall was important in determining the magnitude of the index. In regions where rainfall systems are not well captured by climate models, such as in eastern Africa, there was a large range in projected Scheffer values. To help with the transferability of the index to regions with a tropical climate, we suggest the addition of a Scheffer threshold for a very‐high risk of deterioration. Projections of future change to the index were found to be predominantly driven by changes in temperature, rather than rainfall. While there was considerable disagreement in the simulated magnitude of the Scheffer index, there was good agreement between models over the direction of change across Equatorial Africa, where the Scheffer index is greatest. Such agreement between models suggests that heritage decision makers can utilize the direction of change projected by models when shaping future conservation plans.

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Wood Deterioration by Insects

Cited by 4 publications

References 100 publications

Structural basis of lignocellulose deconstruction by the wood-feeding anobiid beetle Nicobium hirtum

Structural basis of lignocellulose deconstruction by the wood-feeding anobiid beetle Nicobium hirtum

First Report of Stem Borer (Xylotrechus smei) Occurrence on Red Sanders Plantations of Tamil Nadu and Gujarat, India

Modelling temperature‐precipitation pressures on African timber heritage

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