Wood Formation in Trees

Plomion, Christophe; Le-Provost, Grégoire; Stokes, Alexia

doi:10.1104/pp.010816

Cited by 665 publications

(425 citation statements)

References 40 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

372

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The cambial cells (CC) comprise the cambial initial cells along with both xylem and phloem mother cells (Plomion et al 2001). The CC were flattened tangentially, rectangular-or hexagonal-shaped with a very thin cell wall middle lamella (Wodzicki 1971).…”

Section: Measurements and Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of stem girdling on xylem and phloem formation in Scots pine

Fajstavr¹,

Giagli²,

Vavrčík³

et al. 2017

Silva Fenn.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Highlights• Stem girdling ceased the cambial activity, below the girdled area, immediately after the removal of the bark strip.• Pinus sylvestris survived for up to two years after stem girdling.• The girdled trees formed phloem cells above the girdled area but failed to form latewood cells in the next growing season. AbstractScots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is a resilient, wide spread species. This paper reports on the xylem and phloem cell formation process, before and after, the species was put under artificial stress by stem girdling. Microcore method was applied to a healthy control group and a standing group of girdled trees within an 80-year-old pine forest for two consecutive growing seasons (2013 and 2014). The stem girdling was applied in the middle of the first growing season (July 2013). Cambial activity timings (onset and cessation of cell division), cell formation intensity, cell differentiation, and the dynamics of the annual radial increment in the stem were analyzed. Cambial activity was inhibited and eventually ceased below the stem girdling immediately after the removal of the strip. Therefore, no latewood tracheids were formed. However, above the stem girdling and in the control trees, cell formation and tissue differentiation continued until the end of the growing season, with the girdled trees moving at a less intensive pace but for a longer period of time. During the following growing season (2014), the cambial zone was reactivated only above the stem girdling, not below, and eventually the girdled trees died. In 2014, the onset of the cambial activity was delayed and the division rate of the cells was slower in the girdled trees. Furthermore, the girdled trees formed less phloem cells than the control trees.

show abstract

Section: Measurements and Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of stem girdling on xylem and phloem formation in Scots pine

Fajstavr¹,

Giagli²,

Vavrčík³

et al. 2017

Silva Fenn.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Nos órgãos drenos, os fotoassimilados podem: a) atender a demanda energética do metabolismo do caule em crescimento, b) ser armazenados na forma de amido (Plomion et al 2001) ou c) servir de substrato para a formação da madeira (Anttonen et al 2002). Dessa forma, a análise de carboidratos solúveis em caules de plantas tratadas com fertilizantes pode indicar possível atividade na síntese de polímeros estruturais constituintes da madeira como a celulose e as hemiceluloses, como também, o potencial para o armazenamento de compostos energéticos e o crescimento (Zobel & Spague 1998).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Relações do N, P e K com a fluorescência da clorofila, teores de nutrientes foliares e carboidratos solúveis do caule de Caesalpinia echinata Lam.

Cuzzuol

Canal

Gama

et al. 2016

Hoehnea

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-(Relationships of N, P, and K with the chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf nutrient accumulation, and soluble carbohydrate concentration in the stem of Caesalpinia echinata Lam.). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of N, P, and K in the accumulation of these elements in the leaf and their relations with the chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters and with the concentration of soluble carbohydrates in stems of young plants of Caesalpinia echinata. Eight-month-old plants were grown in polyethylene pots. which received N, P, and K in isolated form ((NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , P 2 O 5 , KCl) and the combined form NPK in the ratio 10:10:10 and 04:14:08. The pots were arranged in randomized blocks. The applications were repeated each 90 days during 450 days. The results demonstrated that C. echinata is more responsive to N. Plants showed higher leaf N concentrations and positive correlation with the concentration of chlorophyll a and b. However, the treatments did not influence the potential quantum yield of PSII (FV/FM) and the performance index (PITOTAL). The concentration of sucrose in the stem bark was higher than that of secondary xylem and superior in fertilizers rich in P (P and NPK 04:14:08) suggesting increased demand of substrate for forming the wood in these treatments, which could result in more resistant stems and higher survival of the plants under field conditions. Keywords: Brazilwood, fluorescence, nutrients, soluble carbohydrates RESUMO -(Relações do N, P e K com a fluorescência da clorofila, teores de nutrientes foliares e carboidratos solúveis do caule de Caesalpinia echinata Lam.). Esse trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de suplementação de N, P e K no acúmulo foliar desses elementos e suas relações com os parâmetros da fluorescência da clorofila a e com a concentração de carboidratos solúveis em caules de plantas jovens de Caesalpinia echinata Lam. Plantas com oito meses de idade foram cultivadas em vasos que receberam N, P e K na forma isolada ((NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , P 2 O 5 , KCl) e combinada na proporção 10:10:10 e 04:14:08, distribuídos em blocos inteiramente casualizados. As aplicações foram repetidas a cada 90 dias durante 450 dias. Os resultados demonstraram que C. echinata é mais responsiva ao N. As plantas apresentaram maiores concentrações de N foliar e correlação positiva com a concentração das clorofilas a e b. No entanto, os tratamentos não influenciaram no rendimento quântico potencial do FSII (FV/FM) e no índice de desempenho (PITOTAL). A concentração da sacarose na casca do caule foi maior do que do xilema secundário e superior nas adubações fosfatada e em NPK 04:14:08 sugerindo maior demanda de substrato para a formação da madeira nesses tratamentos, o que poderia resultar em caules mais resistentes e maior capacidade de sobrevivência das plantas em condições de campo. Palavras-chave: carboidratos solúveis, fluorescência, nutrientes, pau-brasil IntroduçãoEstudos recentes têm demonstrado que as arbóreas nativas tropicais respondem à aplicação de N, P e K ap...

show abstract

“…New xylem is formed as cells of the cambium divide into xylem mother cells, which further divide into xylem daughter cells (Plomion et al 2001). Development of the daughter cells includes the phases of cell expansion and growth of secondary wall before maturity.…”

Section: Dependence Of Growth On Phenology and Environmental Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling intra- and inter-annual growth dynamics of Scots pine in the whole-tree carbon balance framework

Schiestl-Aalto¹

2017

Diss. For.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

3 Schiestl-Aalto, P. (2017) Modelling intra-and inter-annual growth dynamics of Scots pine in the wholetree carbon framework. Dissertationes Forestales 234. 44 p. https://doi.org/10.14214/df.234Environmental factors have a dual effect on growth as they affect both the momentary growth rate (direct effect) and the rate of ontogenetic development (indirect effect). Photosynthesis on the other hand is the source of carbon that is needed for growth, respiration and other purposes. There are two opposite theories about the factor determining growth rate: 1) the availability of carbon for growth (source limitation) and 2) limitation that environmental factors cause on tissue ability to grow (sink limitation). Understanding the responses of the growth of tree organs (wood, needles, roots) to environmental and other factors is important to be able to understand the changes in tree growth and carbon balance in changing climatic conditions.The purpose of this study was to define the effects of temperature on Scots pine growth at different temporal scales and to estimate the relative importances of the source and sink effects on growth. For that, a dynamic growth model CASSIA (Carbon Allocation Sink Source InterAction) was constructed.CASSIA was able to predict daily primary and secondary wood and needle growth rate variation with indirect and direct effects of temperature. In addition, the temperature of warm previous late summer was observed to lead to enhanced length of the growth period (in temperature accumulation units) of shoots in the following year. Growth onset during spring was observed to be a continuous process determined by temperature accumulation, instead of momentary temperatures.Short-term growth variations in normal conditions were concluded to be sink limited because CASSIA was able to predict the within year growth with temperature and without direct effect of photosynthesis or stored carbon. On the other hand carbon source effect (gross primary production) was needed to produce the between year variation in growth. According to the results of this study, growth is limited by a complex combination of sink and source effects. Furthermore, environmental factors affect growth at different time scales varying from instantaneous effects to delayed effects from previous year(s). More research is needed to identify the factors determining the carbon flows to different processes.

show abstract

Wood Formation in Trees

Cited by 665 publications

References 40 publications

The effect of stem girdling on xylem and phloem formation in Scots pine

The effect of stem girdling on xylem and phloem formation in Scots pine

Relações do N, P e K com a fluorescência da clorofila, teores de nutrientes foliares e carboidratos solúveis do caule de Caesalpinia echinata Lam.

Modelling intra- and inter-annual growth dynamics of Scots pine in the whole-tree carbon balance framework

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About