Wood fuels consumption in households in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Abstract

The paper shows research results for the consumption of all types of wood fuels in the households in Bosnia and Herzegovina and its entities in 2015. The research was conducted in the period from March 15 th to August 26 th , 2016 in 109 cities/municipalities in the entire Bosnia and Herzegovina. Complex methodological approach was used for conducting the research, which required field research on the sample of 8,602 households on the entire territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina as well as adequate statistical processing of the obtained data pursuant to the high statistical standards. Research results show that in 2015, 5.4 million m 3 of firewood, 81,656 tones of wood pellets, and 6,780 tones of wood briquettes were consumed in the households in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Total expenses of households necessary for the supply of wood fuels in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2015 were 239.8 M€, with the largest share of firewood (226.8 M€), followed by wood pellets (11.6 M€), and wood briquettes (720.9 thousand €). Average firewood consumption per household in Bosnia and Herzegovina is 6.43 m 3. Compared to the surrounding countries it is on the level of Slovenia (6.5 m 3 per household), less than in Serbia (7.3 m 3 per household) and more than in Montenegro (5.49 m 3 per household). Average consumption of energy from firewood expressed in kWh/m 2 of the heated surface was 252.7 kWh, which is significantly higher than the average in the EU. One of the reasons for such high consumption of wood energy per 1 m 2 of the heated surface is the fact that only 36.1% of the households using solid fuels have thermal insulation on their residential facilities.

Wood fuels consumption in households in the Republic of Srpska: A comparative analysis of the wisdom methodology and official statistics

“…Firewood, alone or in combination with other fuels, was the main energy source used for heating in households in Bosnia and Herzegovina. This is confirmed by the following data: out of the total number of households, 74% or 860,228 used solid fuels for heating purposes, among which 70.3% of households used only firewood, 23.2% used firewood with coal, 3.3% used firewood with other fuels, namely with pellets (2.4%), briquettes (0.1%), wood processing residues (0.2%) and coal (0.5%) (Glavonjić et al, 2017).…”

“…Методологија WISDOM (Woodfuel Integrated Supply/Demand Overview Mapping или интегрисано прегледно мапирање понуде/потражње дрвних горива), која је кориштена за прикупљање и анализу података представљених у овом раду, базично се заснива на истим принципима. Процјена понуде и потражње дрвних горива кориштењем WISDOM методологије рађена је за све земље Западног Балкана, и то за Словенију за гријну сезону 2003/2004 (D r i g o, Ve s e l i c , 2006), Хрватску за 2007/2008 (S e g o n et al, 2009), Србију за 2009/10 (G l av o n j i ć , 2011; G l av o n j i ć et al., 2015), Црну Гору за 2011/12 (M a r i n ov i ć et al, 2013; 2013b), Босну и Херцеговину за 2015/16 (Glavonjić et al, 2017), Сјеверну Македонију за (Trajanov et al, 2018 ) и Албанију за 2015/2016 (C o l l a k u , 2017 2 ). За Босну и Херцеговину су, поред наведеног, рађена различита истраживања о наведеним потенцијалима, а за нека од њих су израђене и веома корисне интернет платформе (P fe i ffe r et al, Karabegović, Ponjavić, 2020).…”

“…Огревно дрво, појединачно или у комбинацији са другим горивима, представља главни енергент који се користи за гријање у домаћинствима у Босни и Херцеговини. То потврђују сљедећи подаци: од укупног броја домаћинстава, 74% или 860.228 користи чврста горива за потребе гријања, од чега 70,3% домаћинстава користи само огревно дрво, 23,2% огревно дрво у комбинацији са угљем, док 3,3% користи огревно дрво у комбинацији са осталим горивима, пелети (2,4%), брикети (0,1%), остаци из прераде дрвета (0,2%) и угаљ (0,5%) (Glavonjić et al, 2017).…”

Combustion-Derived Pollutants Linked with Kidney Disease in Low-Lying Flood-Affected Areas in the Balkans

“…While this study has highlighted a probable role for VOCs and semivolatile organic (SVOCs) pollutants to increase the incidence of BEN, all of this begs the questions of what were the sources of these pollutants and why did the pollutants accumulate to higher concentrations at the endemic sites? Regarding the former, wood and coal burning have been identified as major sources of furfural and medium-chain alkanes in the environment, respectively. , Due to the limited availability of district heating, the proportion of households using biomass fuels (such as crop residues, wood, and lignite coal) for heating and cooking is higher in Southeast Europe than in other regions. , Agricultural residues in cultivation fields are also commonly burned after harvest, with the ash remainders often used as fertilizer. Furthermore, the World Health Organization (WHO) has attributed biomass burning as a significant contributor to the higher prevalence of respiratory tract diseases and premature air pollution-caused deaths in the Western Balkans than in other countries of the European Union. , In other words, there are and have been numerous biomass and coal burning sources in the Balkans region and presumably provide the source of the environmental contaminants examined here.…”

“…39,40 Due to the limited availability of district heating, the proportion of households using biomass fuels (such as crop residues, wood, and lignite coal) for heating and cooking is higher in Southeast Europe than in other regions. 41,42 Agricultural residues in cultivation fields are also commonly burned after harvest, with the ash remainders often used as fertilizer. Furthermore, the World Health Organization (WHO) has attributed biomass burning as a significant contributor to the higher prevalence of respiratory tract diseases and premature air pollution-caused deaths in the Western Balkans than in other countries of the European Union.…”