Wood-lignin: Supply, extraction processes and use as bio-based material

Tribot, Amélie; Amer, Ghenima; Alio, Maarouf Abdou; Baynast, Hélène de; Delattre, Cédric; Pons, A.; Mathias, Jean‐Denis; Callois, Jean-Marc; Vial, Christophe; Michaud, Philippe; Dussap, C. G.

doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.01.007

Cited by 272 publications

(168 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…The structural parts of most plants are likewise composed of lignin intermingled with cellulose and hemicellulose. On a cellular level, it is the plant cell middle lamella and the secondary cell wall that mainly contain lignin, accounting for 15-35% of a plant's dry weight [2,3]. Chemically, lignin is a three-dimensional structure that combines phenyl propane units through both ether and alkyl linkages ( Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The average annual disposal of lignin in the agricultural industry is around 50 Mt, while another 6 Mt of waste lignin/chlorolignin results for value-added applications is imperative for the success of the burgeoning green economy. The average annual disposal of lignin in the agricultural industry is around 50 Mt, while another 6 Mt of waste lignin/chlorolignin results from paper/pulp production [5], and current projections suggest that lignin production will exceed 120 Mt by 2022 [2]. Lignin also comprises 15-35 wt.% of the >9 billion tons/y of lignocellulosic waste from agriculture [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Valorization of Lignin as a Sustainable Component of Structural Materials and Composites: Advances from 2011 to 2019

Karunarathna

Smith

2020

Sustainability

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Lignin is the most abundant aromatic biopolymer and is the sustainable feedstock most likely to supplant petroleum-derived aromatics and downstream products. Rich in functional groups, lignin is largely peerless in its potential for chemical modification towards attaining target properties. Lignin’s crosslinked network structure can be exploited in composites to endow them with remarkable strength, as exemplified in timber and other structural elements of plants. Yet lignin may also be depolymerized, modified, or blended with other polymers. This review focuses on substituting petrochemicals with lignin derivatives, with a particular focus on applications more significant in terms of potential commercialization volume, including polyurethane, phenol-formaldehyde resins, lignin-based carbon fibers, and emergent melt-processable waste-derived materials. This review will illuminate advances from the last eight years in the prospective utilization of such lignin-derived products in a range of application such as adhesives, plastics, automotive components, construction materials, and composites. Particular technical issues associated with lignin processing and emerging alternatives for future developments are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valorization of Lignin as a Sustainable Component of Structural Materials and Composites: Advances from 2011 to 2019

Karunarathna

Smith

2020

Sustainability

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“…However, these condensation reactions may be useful in the preparation of various polymeric materials, composites, hydrogels, etc. Condensation reactions and the cross-linking of desulfurized kraft lignin with triethyl phosphate have been used for preparing insoluble, hardened resins [3,7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Composition and Thermal Behavior of Kraft Lignins

Ház

Jablonský

Šurina

et al. 2019

Forests

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Lignin has great potential for utilization as a green raw material or as an additive in various industrial applications, such as energy, valuable chemicals, or cost-effective materials. In this study, we assessed a commercial form of lignin isolated using LignoBoost technology (LB lignin) as well as three other types of lignin (two samples of non-wood lignins and one hardwood kraft lignin) isolated from the waste liquors produced during the pulping process. Measurements were taken for elemental analysis, methoxyl and ash content, higher heating values, thermogravimetric analysis, and molecular weight determination. We found that the elemental composition of the isolated lignins affected their thermal stability, activation energies, and higher heating values. The lignin samples examined showed varying amounts of functional groups, inorganic component compositions, and molecular weight distributions. Mean activation energies ranged from 93 to 281 kJ/mol. Lignins with bimodal molecular weight distribution were thermally decomposed in two stages, whereas the LB lignin showing a unimodal molecular weight distribution was decomposed in a single thermal stage. Based on its thermal properties, the LB lignin may find direct applications in biocomposites where a higher thermal resistance is required.

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“…In animal feed sector lignosulfates are used as animal feed binder, while they enrich feed with calcium and sodium. The use of lignin in production of polymeric materials and chemicals is even considered to be a potential solution towards a more sustainable world [20].…”

Section: Products With High Added Valuementioning

confidence: 99%

When Bioeconomy Development Becomes a Biomass Energy Competitor

Lauka

Slišāne

Ievina

et al. 2019

Environmental and Climate Technologies

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Biomass is an essential pillar of the bioeconomy as it serves as its main resource. Biomass energy plays an important role in energy sector. According to long wave theory, a sharp breakthrough in biotechnology is due over the next few years. As the price for energy wood increases, wood as a resource will not be sustainable in energy sector. In the case of Latvia, the price of energy wood as a resource is predicted to increase from 0.04 EUR/kWh to 0.12 EUR/kWh per unit of energy.

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Wood-lignin: Supply, extraction processes and use as bio-based material

Cited by 272 publications

References 92 publications

Valorization of Lignin as a Sustainable Component of Structural Materials and Composites: Advances from 2011 to 2019

Valorization of Lignin as a Sustainable Component of Structural Materials and Composites: Advances from 2011 to 2019

Chemical Composition and Thermal Behavior of Kraft Lignins

When Bioeconomy Development Becomes a Biomass Energy Competitor

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