Wood modification with furfuryl alcohol catalysed by a new composite acidic catalyst

Li, Wanju; Wang, Hankun; Ren, Dan; Yun-shui, YU; Yu, Yan

doi:10.1007/s00226-015-0721-0

Cited by 60 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Furfurylation allowed improvement of durability against wood decaying fungi (Treu et al 2009;Esteves et al 2011;Li et al 2015), termites (Hadi et al 2005;Gascon-Garrido et al 2013), marine borers weathering (Temiz et al 2007). Furfurylated wood is reported to be not harmful for environment or users during and after service life, and even when burning, furfurylated wood did not release more VOC and PAH than untreated wood (Lande et al 2004a;Pilgard et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tartaric acid catalyzed furfurylation of beech wood

et al. 2016

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European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is a major tree species of European forest which is underexploited because of its low dimensional stability and durability. Similarly to what has been developed with radiata pine, furfurylation might be the answer to optimize the utilization of local beech wood. Beech wood furfurylation process was studied using five different catalysts: maleic anhydride, maleic acid, citric acid, itaconic acid, and tartaric acid. Optimization of the furfurylation process was investigated for different catalyst and furfuryl alcohol (FA) contents, and different duration of polymerization. The following properties were studied: weight percent gain (WPG), leachability, anti-swelling efficiency (ASE), wettability, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, Brinell hardness, and decay durability. Tartaric acid, never investigated up to now, was retained as catalyst to perform furfurylation due to its efficacy compared to other catalysts and its novelty. Wood modification with FA and tartaric acid as catalyst led to samples with high WPG even after leaching, improved ASE, and lower wettability with water. Increasing the polymerization duration increased the fixation of FA in treated wood. Most of all, treatment gave a significant improvement in mechanical properties and resistance to wood decaying fungi.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tartaric acid catalyzed furfurylation of beech wood

et al. 2016

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“…In the last decade, FA impregnation was, for example, applied to improve plasticization and fixation during the densification of wood (Pfriem et al 2012), and new catalysts were developed (Li et al 2015;Sejati et al 2017). Not all the details of the furfurylation process are well understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depending on wood species and FA concentration, the curing temperature ranges from 45°C to 140°C (Westin 2003). Furfurylated wood (W FA ) has better durability against biodegradation (Lande et al 2004c;Esteves et al 2011;Gascon-Garrido et al 2013;Li et al 2015;Sejati et al 2017) and has a low environmental impact (van Eetvelde 1998;Lande et al 2004a,b,c;Pilgård et al 2010aPilgård et al , 2010b. Furfurylated softwoods and hardwoods are available on the market with the equivalent quality to woods protected by copper, chromium and arsenic (CCA) solutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topochemical analyses of furfuryl alcohol-modified radiata pine (Pinus radiata) by UMSP, light microscopy and SEM

et al. 2017

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Furfurylation is one of the wood modification techniques via catalytic polymerization of the monomeric furfuryl alcohol (FA) in the impregnated cell wall. Little is known about the topochemistry of this process. Brown rot degradation begins with lignin modification and therefore, the reactions between FA and lignin was one focus of this research. Furfurylated radiata pine (Pinus radiata) with three different weight percent gains (WPGs of 57%, 60% and 70%) after FA uptake was observed by cellular ultraviolet microspectrophotometry (UMSP) to analyze chemical alterations of the individual cell wall layers. Moreover, light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were performed. The ultraviolet (UV) absorbance of the modified samples increased significantly compared to the untreated controls, indicating a strong polymerization of the aromatic compounds. Highest UV absorbances were found in areas with the highest lignin concentration. The UMSP images of individual cell wall layers support the hypothesis concerning condensation reactions between lignin and FA.

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“…The solidified furfuryl alcohol resin has a good tolerance for acid, alkali, high temperature, water, fungi, and corrosion (Yuan et al 2007). Previous studies reported that wood modification with furfuryl alcohol resin can effectively improve the quality and the durability of the wood, and the furfurylation does not harm the environment (Lande et al 2004a;Lande et al 2004b;Epmeier et al 2007a;Epmeier et al 2007b;Venås and Rinnan 2008;Pilgård et al 2010;Esteves et al 2011;He et al 2012;Li et al 2014Li et al , 2015.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, a three-stage production process is widely employed: pressure impregnation under vacuum conditions, resin curing, and product drying (He et al 2012;Li et al 2014;Li et al 2015). The curing time ranges from a few hours to 20 hours, depending on the wood block size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melamine Formaldehyde Modified Furfurylation to Improve Chinese Fir’s Dimensional Stability and Mechanical Properties

et al. 2017

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aMelamine formaldehyde modified furfurylation (MFMF) was developed in this investigation to overcome the issues encountered by traditional wood furfurylation, the strong acidic reaction condition and the high cost of furfuryl alcohol. In this study, the optimum ratio of melamine, formaldehyde, and furfuryl alcohol constituents and the optimum curing conditions were explored. Then, MFMF was applied to Chinese fir modification and its performance was evaluated by the weight gain rate (WGR), equilibrium moisture content (EMC), dimensional stability (antiswelling efficiency [ASE]), and parallel-to-grain compressive strength. The results showed that MFMF took place at a pH close to neutral (6.8) and the formulas had good penetration of cell walls. The best stability and improvement to mechanical properties achieved by MFMF were: a WGR of 158.9%; a low EMC of 11.5% under 96% relative humidity conditions; an ASE in high humidity and water-soaked conditions of 58.5% and 64.2%, respectively; and an increase in parallel-to-grain compressive strength by 81.9%, when compared with the control.

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Wood modification with furfuryl alcohol catalysed by a new composite acidic catalyst

Cited by 60 publications

References 18 publications

Tartaric acid catalyzed furfurylation of beech wood

Tartaric acid catalyzed furfurylation of beech wood

Topochemical analyses of furfuryl alcohol-modified radiata pine (Pinus radiata) by UMSP, light microscopy and SEM

Melamine Formaldehyde Modified Furfurylation to Improve Chinese Fir’s Dimensional Stability and Mechanical Properties

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