Wood nails to fix softwoods: characterization of structural deformation and lignin modification

Korte, Hans; Koch, Gerald; Krause, Kim C.; Koddenberg, Tim; Siemers, S.

doi:10.1007/s00107-018-1288-x

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…They also experienced brittle failures, most frequently double plane shear failures, while the lumber members suffered limited bearing damage. The brittle failure mode was expected because of the nature of the nail material and previous reports (Korte et al 2018), while the double plane failure may be related to the 4-mm gap imposed between the timber members (AS 1649(AS , 2001. Although it was not assessed in this study, so-called lignin bonding resulting from the heat of friction generated during driving may have also contributed to interactions between the nail and the wood sample.…”

Section: Fastener Lateral Resistance Testsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Composed of compressed, resin impregnated beech, the wood nails do not require pre-drilling and are easily installed using modified nail guns, allowing for rapid construction (Korte 2017). One interesting aspect of these nails is their potential for interaction between the nails and the lignin in the timber member potentially strengthening the connection, and sealing the nails in the wood (Korte et al 2018). The wood nail also removes the potential of corrosion and reduces thermal bridging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of moisture cycling on lateral resistance of resin-impregnated compressed beech nails in radiata pine timber

Gerber

Collado

Morrell

2021

International Wood Products Journal

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Resin impregnated wood nails create an opportunity to use more renewable materials in place of metal fasteners, but there are few data on the effects of moisture cycling on performance. The properties of resin impregnated, compressed beech nails that had been subjected to repeated wetting and drying were compared with steel nails using radiata pine lumber. Sections cycled between ∼12 and ∼50% moisture content were destructively tested in shear. Capacity increased slightly with exposure to one moisture cycle for both connector types. Significant negative effects on wooden nail stiffness were only observed after 5 or 7 moisture cycles. Metal nails failed in a ductile fashion while the timber connectors failed in a brittle mode. The results suggest that wood fasteners can withstand some wetting, but repeated moisture cycling will be detrimental to performance.

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Section: Fastener Lateral Resistance Testsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of moisture cycling on lateral resistance of resin-impregnated compressed beech nails in radiata pine timber

Gerber

Collado

Morrell

2021

International Wood Products Journal

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“…Rotary friction welding is a connection method in which a round wooden dowel is inserted into the pre-drilled hole of a wood component by rotating it at a high speed. The species of the wood components, the welding speed, and the insertion speed all have a large impact on the performance of the welded joints (Amirou et al 2016;Belleville et al 2016;Korte et al 2018). Belleville et al (2013) found that wood round tenons of different species have different optimal rotational speeds, while other studies have found that the accelerated insertion and constant speed insertion of wood round tenons with different starting speeds have a greater effect on the joint strength of the joints (Auchet et al 2010;Amirou et al 2017a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the study of rotary friction welding, researchers proposed the technique of wooden nail welding. Korte et al (2018) used rosewood dowels frictionally driven at high speed into Norway spruce wood components without opening pre-drilled holes at a driving speed of up to 31 m/s. The tensile strength of the single dowel wooden nail welding joints was approximately twice that of single dowel twist nail joints under the same test conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexural properties of wooden nail friction welding of laminated timber

Zhu

Xue

Pan

et al. 2022

BioRes

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The properties of single shear specimens connected by wooden nail frictional welding and twist nails were studied. The single shear properties of the specimens connected by wooden nail welding were lower than that of the twist nail specimens. The single shear capacity of the wooden nail welding specimen was determined by calculating the method of design value of the bearing capacity of the pin connection. Furthermore, the flexural properties of the wooden nail welding laminated timber were analyzed. Due to the larger diameter of the wooden nails compared with the twist nails, the wooden nail welding laminated timber in the elastic phase had higher stiffness. The elastic modulus of the wooden nail welding laminated timber exceeded the average elastic modulus of the constituent lumber pieces by 9.46%. The number of wood lumbers in wooden nail welding laminated timber had little effect on the elastic modulus of laminated timber, but the nail spacing had a certain effect. Therefore, in future research, it is recommended to use the construction method of twist nail connection to design the wooden nail welding laminated timber. In addition, the nail spacing should refer to the GB 50005 (2003) standard and the wood structure design manual.

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“…It has been used to enhance the mortise and tenon interference fit connection and fabricate full-scale multi-layered timber beams and wooden load-bearing walls (Bocquet et al 2007;Mougel et al 2011;O'Loinsigh et al 2012;Fukuta et al 2017). Based on the analysis of wood dowel welding, Korte et al (2018) changed the wood dowel essentially into a wood nail to study the structural deformation and lignin modification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism study on Betula wood dowel rotation welding into larch and enhanced mechanism of treating with CuCl2

Zhu

Xue

Shen

et al. 2019

BioRes

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Mechanical properties and chemical changes of wood dowel welding were studied using untreated and copper chloride (CuCl2)-treated Betula wood dowels. The effects of the welding times (3 s, 5 s, and 7 s) and the highest temperatures in the welding interface were also studied. The treated wood dowels with a welding time of 3 s and the highest temperature of 265.6 °C had the best pullout resistance. Wood constituents were pyrolyzed by the frictional heat generated from rotational welding to form oxygen-containing materials, most of which were C-O materials. With the extension of welding time, welding interface materials were pyrolyzed deeper, but the rate of pyrolysis decreased, which indicated that the pyrolysis of hemicellulose and cellulose might have occurred in the prior period of the welding process. Acid hydrolysis of hemicellulose and cellulose of the wood dowel treated with CuCl2 might have occurred during immersion, which promoted the formation of molten materials by the depolymerization and pyrolysis of wood constituents. With the same welding time, the content of oxygen-containing materials with treated samples was higher than with untreated samples, which might indicate that more pyrolysis and molten reactions occurred in the treated welding interface.

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Wood nails to fix softwoods: characterization of structural deformation and lignin modification

Cited by 14 publications

References 17 publications

Impact of moisture cycling on lateral resistance of resin-impregnated compressed beech nails in radiata pine timber

Impact of moisture cycling on lateral resistance of resin-impregnated compressed beech nails in radiata pine timber

Flexural properties of wooden nail friction welding of laminated timber

Mechanism study on Betula wood dowel rotation welding into larch and enhanced mechanism of treating with CuCl2

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