Wood quality: forest management and utilization

Harris, J. M.

doi:10.1007/978-94-015-8110-3_15

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 10 publications

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“…Lasserre et al (2007); Raymond et al (2008); Mahon et al (2009) confirmed the variations of TOF readings exhibited by the acoustic tool used and the position of probes in the stem. Also, there can be some variations when recording TOF, due in part to inconsistency in hammer tapping (Harris & Andrews, 1999), device calibration (Mora et al, 2009), temperature (Kang & Booker, 2002), density (Legg & Bradley, 2016) and moisture content (Calegari et al, 2011; Montero et al, 2015; Simpson & Wang, 2001). Also, the stress wave propagation in trees can be affected by genetic traits (Vargas-Hernandez & Adams, 1994; Rozenberg et al, 2001), stand growth stage (Vanninen et al, 1996), and silvicultural treatments (Baas, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-destructive acoustic assessment of wood quality in trees and logs and the effects of silvicultural treatments: a review

Olaoye

Ojo

2022

International Wood Products Journal

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Assessing intrinsic wood qualities such as modulus of elasticity and internal decay in trees and logs can be challenging. However, acoustic technologies have been investigated for a possible solution. This paper reviews available literature on non-destructive acoustic methods for assessing wood quality, both in tree and log form. The paper further reviews the effects of silvicultural practices (such as thinning and pruning) on wood quality assessed by nondestructive acoustic methods. We documented some of the benefits of application of nondestructive acoustic methods on wood quality of trees and logs. The acoustic velocity of a tree (V T ) or log (V L ) of the propagated waves and wood density can be used to determine the Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity (MOEd). Thinning was reported to affect V T /V L and MOEd negatively. Acoustic tomography methods were equally found to have good accuracy in detecting the location and extent of wood decay in standing trees and logs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-destructive acoustic assessment of wood quality in trees and logs and the effects of silvicultural treatments: a review

Olaoye

Ojo

2022

International Wood Products Journal

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Effects of genetic entry and spacing on growth and wood properties in Norway spruce

Gerendiain¹

2009

Diss. For.

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In recent decades, in forest breeding programmes in Finland, growth has been used as a selection trait of primary importance in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), whereas wood properties have been taken as secondary traits. However, interest in considering wood density and fibre traits in different genetic entries for future regeneration material has increased recently. In this context, this study aimed to analyse how genetic entry and spacing affected the growth, yield, wood density traits and fibre properties in Norway spruce (Papers I-V). Moreover, phenotypic correlations between different traits were analysed. In addition, effects of competition by neighbours on different traits were studied based on a competition index (Paper V). The harvested materials included both normal and narrow crowned (Picea abies f. pendula) genetic entries. The age of sample trees ranged between 28-30 years for normal crowned clones, representing different origins (Papers I, II, V), and between 14-19 for narrow crowned genetic entries (Papers III-IV). All the materials were harvested from four trials located in Southern Finland on agricultural and medium/fertile forest soils, with spacing ranging from 1 m x 1 m to 2 m x 2.5 m.Wood density traits and fibre properties showed, in general, lower phenotypic variations than the growth and yield traits (Papers I-V). In addition, the phenotypic variations between narrow and normal crowned genetic entries differed when grown in different spacing (Papers III-IV). Between individual clones of normal crowned Norway spruce (Imatra and Kangasniemi trials), differences were found in most of the studied traits, unlike between origins (Papers I-II and V). Moreover, growth and yield traits of narrow crowned genetic entries were less sensitive to spacing than the normal crowned ones and thus, more productive with narrow spacing (Loppi trial), while in wider spacing (Karkkila trial) the result was opposite (Papers III-IV). On average, the phenotypic correlations between growth and wood density traits were in general negative, and from moderate to strong. However, individual genetic entries with weak or no correlation could still be found. Moreover, all the phenotypic correlations among the wood density traits and among the fibre properties were positive (p<0.05), and moderate to strong, indicating that selection for one trait simultaneously affects the others (Papers I-V). On average, the diameter of trees decreased and wood density increased with increasing competition, which explained part of the variation observed among the clones for growth and yield traits (Paper V).As a conclusion, selection for wood density alone reduces in general stem volume and stem mass, whereas selection for fibre properties alone reduces wood density. However, opposite to general trend, for example, clone C43 in normal crowned Norway spruce had in this study simultaneously high stem volume, relatively high wood density and long fibres, for example. The marked differences observed among different genetic ent...

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Growth rate and wood properties of Norway spruce cutting clones on different sites

Raiskila¹,

Saranpää²,

Fagerstedt³

et al. 2006

Silva Fenn.

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The effect of growth rate on weight density and strength properties of three Norway spruce cutting clones growing on three different sites in different geographic locations was studied. The purpose was to follow variation in wood physical and mechanical properties and in quality between fast-growing clones grown in environments differing in nutritional and soil properties and climate within the boreal zone. The cloned trees had been selected on grounds of good growth, health and quality. The cuttings were collected from three-year-old seedlings and rooted. The rooted cuttings were planted in the 1970's and they were on average 26 years old at a time of felling. The variation of weight density was studied within the annual ring and within the stem between the juvenile and mature wood from the pith to the bark with an X-ray densitometric method. The average annual ring width (and latewood proportion, %) varied between the clones from 2.92 ± 1.36 mm (15.34%) to 3.30 ± 1.25 mm (11.80%) and between the sites from 2.76 ± 1.07 mm (14.71%) to 3.70 ± 1.22 mm (13.29%). The mean weight density was 0.461 ± 0.077 g cm -3 and latewood density 0.750 ± 0.125 g cm -3 in this material. The mean modulus of elasticity was 9.88 ± 1.43 GPa, modulus of rupture 67.51 ± 11.50 MPa and weight density of the test samples (ρ 12 ) 414 ± 44 kg m -3 in mature wood. The parameters studied showed clearly that the environment had a large effect while the three clones differed from each other similarly in the different sites, e.g. the fastest growing clone was fastest on all sites.

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Wood quality: forest management and utilization

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

Non-destructive acoustic assessment of wood quality in trees and logs and the effects of silvicultural treatments: a review

Non-destructive acoustic assessment of wood quality in trees and logs and the effects of silvicultural treatments: a review

Effects of genetic entry and spacing on growth and wood properties in Norway spruce

Growth rate and wood properties of Norway spruce cutting clones on different sites

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