Wooden Polymer Composites of Poly(vinyl chloride), Olive Pits Flour, and Precipitated Bio-Calcium Carbonate

Abstract

As a filler to be inserted into poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), low-cost olive pits flour (OPF) and precipitated bio-calcium carbonate (PBCC)-produced PVC/OPF/PBCC composites have been used with high stability and rigidity compared to PVC. Hydrogen bonding is generated between OH cellulose in OPF and H in PVC. Composite tensile modulus increased in PVC grid in the presence of PBCC and OPF, possibly because of a filler restriction effect on the polymer chains. The hardness also increased as both OPF and PBCC increased. The mechanical tendency of the PVC/ OPF composite was improved by adding a low content of PBCC particles with the PVC network, resulting in a smart distribution in the range of 10% by weight, and it was reduced by adding more than that percentage. The successful distribution of PBCC in PVC/OPF composite strengthened the mechanical path. The morphology and possible interface adhesion of components in the composite were demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The PVC SEM images showed a homogeneous, smart, and consistent surface, while the PVC/60 wt % OPF SEM images showed a large number of voids that suggested weak PVC/OPF interactions. The SEM images showed outstanding PBCC distribution in the PVC/OPF matrix for the PVC/50 wt % OPF/10 wt % PBCC composite. Due to the accumulation of PBCC particles producing cavities, the distribution of particles became nonhomogeneous at percentages above 10 wt %. At a low filler material, better spread of PBCC particles in the PVC grid was achieved. Owing to the polarity of OPF, the H 2 O absorption and thickness swelling of PVC/OPF/PBCC composites showed higher amounts than PVC. PBCC improved the thermal stabilization and the neutralization of Cl − negative ions as an acid acceptor of secondary PVC stabilization.

Solar-Driven Thermocatalytic Synthesis of Octahydroquinazolinone Using Novel Polyvinylchloride (PVC)-Supported Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3) Catalysts

“…Al 2 O 3 FT-IR spectra show bands of absorption at 3606 cm −1 that are corresponding to the stretching vibrations of the O–H groups and water [ 42 ]. On the other hand, PVC produces peaks at 2913 cm −1 , ~1425 cm −1 , 1324 cm −1 , 1088 cm −1 , 957 cm −1 and 614 cm −1 , respectively, reflecting the –CH 2 - asymmetric stretching vibration, wagging –CH 2 , CH 2 deformation, C−H stretching from CH−Cl, rocking CH 2 , and C−Cl stretching [ 43 ]. The obtained spectra further reveal that, as the Al 2 O 3 content in the sample increases from 5% to 75%, several PVC peaks diminish and can no longer be discerned might be due to Al 2 O 3 concentration overlapping the PVC peaks.…”

A comprehensive review of the polyolefin composites and their properties

“…The mechanical properties of WF/PVC composites are affected by the WF content and particle size. Generally, increasing the WF content increases modulus but reduces the stress at break [ 78 , 79 ]. Table 9 compares the mechanical and physical properties of WF/PVC composites and other wood composites [ 80 ].…”

Biodegradable Polymer Composite Based on Polyvinyl Chloride and Wood Waste. Development and Characterization

“…[5]. PVC-based polymeric materials are subject to continuous research for new modifications and improvements [6,7]. Polymer based composites modified with wood fibers (also called wood plastic composites, abbreviated to WPCs) are increasingly popular since it is a feasible solution not only to the growing environmental issue, but also to the expensive cost of certain polymer-based materials [8,9].…”