Wool Fabric Stabilization by Interfacial Polymerization. Part I: Polyamides

Whitfield, R.E.; Miller, L. A.; Wasley, W.L.

doi:10.1177/004051756103100805

Cited by 42 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…sebacoyl chloride) dissolved in a water-immiscible solvent. A polyamide polymer coating is formed at the interface of the two liquid phases through interfacial condensation polymerization, which is similar to the process developed by Whitfield et al [73]. The key advantage is the very low energy consumption for the treatment and also the absence of damage to the outer layer of wool.…”

Section: Subtractive Treatments Based On Partial/full Removal Of Cutimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A range of crosslink forming polymeric resins, such as, polybutadiene [68], polyurethane containing free isocyanate groups (Synthappret LKF) [69], polyurethane with bisulfite adduct (Synthappret BAP) [70], Bunte-salt terminated polyether (Lankrolan SHR3) [71], polythiols [72], polyamides by interfacial polymerization [73], polydimethylsiloxane diols in combination with an amino functional silane crosslinking agent [74], diacrylates [75], have been investigated to form polymeric coating on wool fiber. Cook and Fleischfresser reported that wool fabrics coated with bisulfite-adduct named Synthapret BAP at 3.0% owf provided excellent shrink-resistance but considerably affected the handle properties of the treated fabric [70].…”

Section: Subtractive Treatments Based On Partial/full Removal Of Cutimentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of the sustainable methods in imparting shrink resistance to wool fabrics

Hassan

Carr

2019

Journal of Advanced Research

109

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Section: Subtractive Treatments Based On Partial/full Removal Of Cutimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Subtractive Treatments Based On Partial/full Removal Of Cutimentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the sustainable methods in imparting shrink resistance to wool fabrics

Hassan

Carr

2019

Journal of Advanced Research

109

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“…Many methods have been developed for preventing shrinkage of wool fibers, and they can be classified into three main categories. The first is coating with resins such as polyamide epichlorohydrin or grafting polymers onto wool fibers [ 1,3,4,14]. The second is morphological modification of the cuticular cells by chemical or physical treatment [2,8,13].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Shrink-Resist Treatments for Wool Using Multifunctional Epoxides

Umehara¹,

Shibata²,

Ito

et al. 1991

Textile Research Journal

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An attempt was made to render wool fibers shrinkproof without causing any damage to the hydrophobic nature of the scale surface. To this end, wool fibers were treated with a water soluble multifunctional epoxide, i.e., glycerol polyglycidyl ether (GPE) in concentrated salt solutions, where the prominence of scale edges was depressed. The role of GPE is not to chemically modify the fiber surface, but to crosslink the cuticular cells to prevent their edges from prominence in aqueous media. Excellent shrink resistance can be imparted to wool by applying GPE in saturated NaCl solution in the presence of a reductive agent such as Na 2 S 2 O 5 , while the hydrophobic nature of the surface remains unchanged.The felting shrinkage of assemblies of wool fibers is based on the directional frictional effect; in other words, the coefficient of friction in the root-to-tip direction is different from that in the tip-to-root direction [7]. Many methods have been developed for preventing shrinkage of wool fibers, and they can be classified into three main categories. The first is coating with resins such as polyamide epichlorohydrin or grafting polymers onto wool fibers [ 1,3,4,14]. The second is morphological modification of the cuticular cells by chemical or physical treatment [2,8,13]. The third method is to impart additional crimp in wool fibers [ 12], but this method is not sufficient to render wool fibers completely shrinkproof. No satisfactory method has been developed to make wool fibers shrink resistant without damage to the hydrophobic nature of the surface.In this study, we attempted to reduce the directional frictional effect of wool without damaging its hydrophobic nature by treating it with a water soluble multifunctional epoxide, i.e., glycerol polyglycidyl ether (GPE), which is available on an industrial scale. The role of the multifunctional epoxide in this treatment is to modify not the fiber surface but the cuticular cells by crosslinking, so as to prevent their edges from prominence in aqueous media. At the same time, the treatment immobilizes the intercellular cement in the cell membrane complex, which contributes to the hydrophilic nature of wool. To this end, we treated wool fibers with GPE in concentrated salt solutions, where the directional frictional effect of wool is known to be depressed. ExperimentalThe wool was Australian Shropshire (32.9 ~.m) and Merino (21 ~cm). GPE (Denacol EX 313) was purchased from Nagase Chemicals Co. Ltd., Osaka. The chemical formula of GPE is shown in Figure 1. All FIGURE 1. Chemical formula of glycerol polyglycidyl ether (GPE) used.

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“…This is designated brieHy as &dquo;steam.&dquo; Interfacial polyureri~crtion.' This was carried out by using he}Glmethylenediamine, sodium carbonate, and a wetting agent in the first or aqueous bath, and sebacoyl chloride dissolved in Stoddard solvents in the second bath (according to Whitfield, Miller, and . Wasley [18]). The wet pickup after the aqueous bath was reduced to 50% by squeezing in pad rolls and drying in air.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…' Interfacial polymerization. Nylon 66 was applied as described in the text [18]. Polyurethane [ 19 ] was applied with a first and aqueous bath of 2% hexhmethylene diamine, 4% sodium carbonate, and 0.1 ~o Triton X-100 (Rohm and Haas).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of Luster of Wool Fabrics

Fourt¹

1966

Textile Research Journal

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Methods for increasing the luster of wool fabrics have been compared. Where luster arises from oriented pile fibers, as in velour coating fabrics, the luster can be increased and made more durable by light interfacial polymerization treatments or by reduction and setting with monoethanolamine sulfite.When luster depends on the surface properties of the fibers, as in clear finish worsteds, some of the oxidative or subtractive antifelting treatments also add to luster. Chlorination with chlorine gas or acid hypochlorite treatments are the most favorable.Adverse effects on hand limit these treatments. Other oxidative shrinkproofing treatments show less improvement in luster or even lower it.Film-forming polymers can be used to increase the luster of clear-finish fabrics if they are applied after a preliminary treatment which increases the surface energy of the wool fibers. When applied without the pretreatment, the polymers produced smaller increases in luster or even decreased the luster. ' Effective preliminary treatments are shrinkproofing by acid or alkaline hypochlorite, oxidation with hydrogen peroxide, or reduction with thioglycolic acid.

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Wool Fabric Stabilization by Interfacial Polymerization. Part I: Polyamides

Cited by 42 publications

References 24 publications

A review of the sustainable methods in imparting shrink resistance to wool fabrics

A review of the sustainable methods in imparting shrink resistance to wool fabrics

Shrink-Resist Treatments for Wool Using Multifunctional Epoxides

Improvement of Luster of Wool Fabrics

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