Word Association Norms in Mexican Spanish

Abstract

The aim of this research is to present a Spanish Word Association Norms (WAN) database of concrete nouns. The database includes 234 stimulus words (SWs) and 67,622 response words (RWs) provided by 478 young Mexican adults. Eight different measures were calculated to quantitatively analyze word-word relationships: 1) Associative strength of the first associate, 2) Associative strength of the second associate, 3) Sum of associative strength of first two associates, 4) Difference in associative strength between first two associates, 5) Number of different associates, 6) Blank responses, 7) Idiosyncratic responses, and 8) Cue validity of the first associate. The resulting database is an important contribution given that there are no published word association norms for Mexican Spanish. The results of this study are an important resource for future research regarding lexical networks, priming effects, semantic memory, among others.

Development of bidirectional phono-semantic activation in toddlers

“…In related trials, there was no phonological, semantic, or associative relationship between targets and distractors. A semantic relationship was defined as a prime and mediator that were associatively related in both directions (prime to mediator and mediator to prime), and members of the same semantic category, 2 with associative strengths taken mainly from the database “Word Association Norms in Mexican Spanish in schoolchildren” (Barrón-Martínez & Arias-Trejo, 2014). 3 A phonological relationship was defined as a mediator and target overlapping in the initial consonant and vowel (e.g., moto-mono ), but with no semantic or associative relationship.…”

“… Bidirectional associative strength between prime and mediator, and lack of association between prime and target, according to the database “Word Association Norms in Mexican Spanish in schoolchildren” (Barrón-Martínez & Arias-Trejo, 2014). …”

Lexical Phonological Networks in Children with Down Syndrome: An Initial Syllable Similarity Priming Task with an Eye-Tracking Method

“…The Target-Prime related pairs were defined so that they shared a phonological similarity in the first syllable (initial position). In addition, to distinguish phonological similarity effects, Target-Prime pairs did not belong to the same semantic category and were associatively unrelated (according to Normas de Asociación de palabras para el Español de México, Barrón-Martinez & Arias-Trejo, 2014).…”

Differences between skilled and less‐skilled young readers in the retrieval of semantic, phonological, and shape information

“…The three competitors and the distractor consisted of (1) a phonological and orthographic competitor for which the first consonant and vowel were the same as for the spoken critical word (e.g., pájaro ‐ pala ; ‘bird‐shovel’), unrelated to the critical word both semantically and in the shape denoted; (2) a semantic competitor (e.g., leche , ‘milk’ for the critical word galleta , ‘biscuit’), selected from Word Association Norms for Mexican Children (Arias‐Trejo & Barrón‐Martínez, ) and in two cases from the adult Word Association Norms in Mexican Spanish (Barrón‐Martínez & Arias‐Trejo, ); it was unrelated to the critical word both phonologically and in shape; (3) a shape competitor, perceptually similar to the referent of the critical word, not an orthographic competitor, and unrelated phonologically and semantically to the critical word (e. g., galleta , ‘biscuit’ for balón , ‘ball’); and (4) a distractor unrelated in phonology, semantics, or shape to the critical word.…”