Words derived from Old Norse in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: An etymological survey

Old Norse-derived lexis in multilingual accounts: a case study

“…skelez 'vessels' (OIcel skjōla) (×7; ×1 with <sc>), 18 scale (pl.) 'scales', also in merowscales, Weyscill (all of them always spelt with <sc>), 19 scappes, also skepe (OIcel skeppa) 16 For a general description of palatalisation, see, inter alia, Campbell (1959: § §426-41), Hogg (1992: § §7.15-43) and Jordan-Crook (1974: § §177-94), and on its outcomes, Luick (1935), West (1936), Penzl (1947), Watson (1947), Kristensson (1976), Hogg (1979), Cercignani (1983), Krygier (2000), Minkova (2003Minkova ( , 2014Minkova ( , 2016, Dance (2003Dance ( : 141-2, 2012Dance ( , 2013Dance ( , 2018Dance ( , 2019: I. §8) and Liberman (2007).…”

“…As Dance (2013Dance ( , 2018Dance ( , 2019 fleshes out, the focus of this taxonomy is on etymological evidence and not on the outcome of contact. These two different ways of conceptualising ON input may interact in fruitful ways, but Dance's categorisation offers a more dynamic approach: the different types may encompass manifestations of language contact which would belong to different categories in traditional typologies (e.g.…”

“…The significantly larger numbers of Scandinavian-origin lexemes in Middle English, extant in a much wider range of text-types and registers, better allow us to assess the realms of Anglo-Scandinavian contact: not only were Scandinavian-specific or technical terms adopted and/or adapted into English but also basic lexical units used in everyday situations, sometimes already having synonyms in OE. 34 The agents of lexical transfer would also have been substantially different pre-and post-1150: OE speakers would have been responsible for the early borrowings into OE, while possibly ON speakers, having switched to English, would have carried over later ON loanwords (see, inter alia, Townend 2002;Dance 2019). Apart from ON-origin simplexes, I have included complex lexical unitsusually, OE + ON / ON + OE constructionscontaining early Scandinavian lexemes (e.g.…”

“…The potential of this richer and more complex interplay between languages will be further addressed throughout the article, which assesses the different kinds of evidence available for establishing the relative plausibility for a word being derived from ON. Dance's (2013Dance's ( , 2018Dance's ( , 2019 taxonomy will be discussed and applied to multilingual material for the first time. The article concludes with some notes on the main semantic fields to which ON-derived lexis contributed within the multilingual lexical networks of the DAR.…”

Translating the Gospel in Viking Age England: The Evidence from Two Old Norse Loan Translations from Old English

“…In the past couple of decades there has been something of a renaissance in the study of Anglo-Norse language contact. 3 In particular, Richard Dance (2003Dance ( , 2019, Angelika Lutz (2013Lutz ( , 2017 and Sara Pons-Sanz (2000 have together updated our understanding of Old Norse borrowings in Old and Middle English, eschewing the earlier tendency to treat lexical borrowings in isolation from contextual and stylistic considerations. Each of these scholars have emphasised the need for greater caution in our treatment of loans, a point that I will return to at the end of the present article.…”