Visitors to the Andalusian Mosque of Cordoba may experience a transcendental feeling when looking at Qur'anic texts woven into the architectural surfaces. Simultaneously, they can appreciate the very human reality behind producing such a work: the creative ingenuity and craftmanship, the physical and intellectual exertion, the sheer breadth of commitment and the amount of time invested in the making of these inscriptions. Similar examples of inscribed texts that have absorbed an impressive amount of creative energies can be found in many parts of the pre-modern world. Those who pass by the ancient Mesopotamian carvings located high on mountain cliffs have been captivated by their monumental aura for thousands of years; nevertheless, it has been a subject of debate what specifically makes them monumental (Ben-Dov and Rojas 2021). Further removed from the customary association with monuments as massive stone structures are small artifacts whose monumentality may derive from their significance for communities (Wu Hung 1995), and even moving images in film installations that have been discussed as monumental in their capacity to commemorate events and preserve memories (Vogt 2015: 123-4). Artists have questioned the boundaries of the 'monumental' by exploring media that differ from the static nature of stone, confronting the notion of permanence typically tied to monuments. In a modern version of the 'tower of Babel' displayed at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, artist Gu Wenda challenges both the nature of writing and that of the monument by creating an enormous structure and