Work addiction and personality: A meta-analytic study

Kun, Bernadette; Takács, Zsófia K.; Richman, Mara J.; Griffiths, Mark D.; Demetrovics, Zsolt

doi:10.1556/2006.2020.00097

Cited by 47 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…Although the correlation between impulsivity and compulsivity is substantially higher in the problematic than in the non-problematic group, group differences on these variables are non-significant. Contrary to this finding, some literature data suggested positive relationships between work addiction and impulsivity and obsessive-compulsivity (31,32). Further studies should select an assessment instrument that is better at predicting work addiction (i.e., validated with a clinical diagnosis).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…In line with these, numerous existing studies highlighted the possible risk role of impulsivity and compulsivity in various forms of behavioral addictions. Namely, higher levels of impulsivity and compulsivity were associated with increased rates of gaming disorder (21,22) problematic internet use (23,24), gambling disorder (25,26), exercise addiction (27,28), compulsive buying disorder (29,30), work addiction (31,32) and hair pulling disorder (33,34). However, it is important to note that there might be differences between behavioral addictions in their associations with impulsivity and compulsivity (e.g., impulsivity might have a greater exploratory role in gaming disorder than compulsivity, whereas in gambling disorder both impulsivity and compulsivity might have a significant impact) (1,35).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relating Compulsivity and Impulsivity With Severity of Behavioral Addictions: A Dynamic Interpretation of Large-Scale Cross-Sectional Findings

et al. 2022

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Background and AimImpulsivity and compulsivity are two key temperament traits involved in behavior regulation. The aim of this study was to test several existing theories in explaining the role of impulsivity and compulsivity in symptom severity in various behavioral addictions.MethodsData were collected from a (representative) general population sample (N = 2,710, mean age:39.8 years (SD:13.6), 51% woman), and from people who are at increased risk of having a behavioral addiction (N = 9,528 in total, mean age: 28.11 (SD:8.3), 34.3% woman), including people with problematic gaming and internet use, pathological gambling, exercise dependence, compulsive buying and work addiction. Symptom severity, reward driven impulsivity and relief driven compulsivity were assessed.ResultsFor non-problematic groups, impulsivity is present to about the same extent as compulsivity, whereas for problematic groups, compulsivity dominates over impulsivity in all groups (except for gambling). The strength of the correlation between impulsivity and compulsivity is higher in more severe forms of the disorders (from r = 0.18 to r = 0.59 in the representative population).DiscussionBased on these data, it appears that relief-driven behavior (negative reinforcement) dominates over reward-driven behavior (positive reinforcement) in more severe cases of a behavioral addiction.ConclusionThis is the first large-scale study to find empirical support for the neuroscientific theory on the dominance of compulsivity (“needing”) over impulsivity (“wanting”) in more severe cases of a behavioral addiction. Although longitudinal research is needed, a possible shift from impulsivity to compulsivity takes place, similar to substance use addictions, which maintains the circle of addiction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relating Compulsivity and Impulsivity With Severity of Behavioral Addictions: A Dynamic Interpretation of Large-Scale Cross-Sectional Findings

et al. 2022

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“…Akin to disordered gambling, it is possible that the same model may help explain other addictive behaviors, such as workaholism (Griffiths, 2005). A recent meta-analysis found a moderate association between perfectionism and workaholism and a small-to-moderate association between a work-focused self-concept and workaholism (Kun, Takacs, Richman, Griffiths, & Demetrovics, 2020). Future research can examine whether having a work-focused selfconcept (stemming from perfectionism) is associated with workaholism severity among people who have erroneous beliefs about maladaptive work strategies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perfectionism predicts disordered eating and gambling via focused self-concept among those high in erroneous beliefs about their disordered behavior

Tabri

Werner

Milyavskaya

et al. 2021

JBA

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Background and aims Perfectionism, a focused self-concept, and erroneous beliefs have been implicated in the development and maintenance of various disordered behaviors. However, researchers have yet to examine how these factors combine to explain different disordered behaviors. Herein, we addressed this gap and hypothesized a moderated-mediation model whereby perfectionism fosters the development of disordered behaviors through a focused self-concept. Critically, the effect of a focused self-concept on disordered behaviors is specific to people with erroneous beliefs about their disordered behaviors. The model was tested in the contexts of disordered gambling and disordered eating, particularly dietary restraint. Method In Study 1, participants were community members who gamble (N = 259). In Study 2, participants were university women (N = 219). In both studies, participants completed self-report measures of all constructs that are both reliable and valid. Results In Study 1, as expected, there was a positive association between perfectionism and disordered gambling, which was mediated by financially focused self-concept. This mediation was only observed among participants who scored high on illusion of control and belief in luck. Likewise, in Study 2, there was a positive association between perfectionism and dietary restraint, which was mediated by appearance focused self-concept. The mediation effect was only observed among participants who believed that maladaptive dietary restraint behaviors were safe and efficacious. Discussion and Conclusions The findings support the transdiagnostic utility of our model, which may help explain an array of disordered behaviors, including other addictive behaviors as well as behaviors that involve rigid adherence to rules and control.

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“…Several meta-analyses have identified associations between different addictions and the five-factor model. For instance, Kun et al (17) showed that openness and conscientiousness were positively related to work addiction, whereas Astarini and Yadiarso (18) found that of the fivefactor model's traits, conscientiousness, and agreeableness had the strongest, and inverse associations with internet addiction. Further, Marengop et al (19) reported that conscientiousness had the strongest and inverse association with smartphone use disorder and Hakulinen et al (20) showed that high scores on extroversion and low scores on conscientiousness were associated with heavy alcohol consumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Gambling Problems and the Five-Factor Model of Personality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2021

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Objectives: The aim of the present meta-analysis was to synthesize results from the association between problem gambling (PG) and dimensions of the five factor model of personality and to identify potential moderators (gambling diagnosis: yes/no, comorbidity: yes/no and trait assessment: four or fewer items vs. five items or more) of these associations in meta-regressions.Methods: Searches were conducted in six databases; Medline, Web of Science, PsychInfo, Google Scholar, OpenGrey, and Cochrane Library (conducted on February, 22, 2021). Included studies: (1) reported a relationship between PG and at least one of the personality traits in the five-factor model, (2) contained information of zero-order correlations or sufficient data for such calculations, and (3) were original articles published in any European language. Case-studies, qualitative studies, and reviews were excluded. All articles were independently screened by two authors. Final agreement was reached through discussion or by consulting a third author. Risk of bias of the included studies was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Data were synthesized using a random effects model.Results: In total 28 studies, comprising 20,587 participants, were included. The correlations between PG and the traits were as follows: Neuroticism: 0.273 (95% CI = 0.182, 0.358), conscientiousness −0.296 (95% CI = −0.400, −0.185), agreeableness −0.163 (95% CI = −0.223, −0.101), openness −0.219 (95% CI = −0.308, −0.127), and extroversion −0.083 (95% CI = −0.120, −0.046). For all meta-analyses the between study heterogeneity was significant. Presence of gambling diagnosis was the only moderator that significantly explained between-study variance showing a more negative correlation to extroversion when participants had a gambling diagnosis compared to when this was not the case.Discussion: The results indicated some publication bias. Correcting for this by a trim-and-fill procedure showed however that the findings were consistent. Clinicians and researchers should be aware of the associations between personality traits and PG. Previous studies have for example showed neuroticism to be related to treatment relapse, low scores on conscientiousness to predict treatment drop-out and agreeableness to reduce risk of treatment drop-out.Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO (CRD42021237225).

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Work addiction and personality: A meta-analytic study

Cited by 47 publications

References 97 publications

Relating Compulsivity and Impulsivity With Severity of Behavioral Addictions: A Dynamic Interpretation of Large-Scale Cross-Sectional Findings

Relating Compulsivity and Impulsivity With Severity of Behavioral Addictions: A Dynamic Interpretation of Large-Scale Cross-Sectional Findings

Perfectionism predicts disordered eating and gambling via focused self-concept among those high in erroneous beliefs about their disordered behavior

The Relationship Between Gambling Problems and the Five-Factor Model of Personality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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