Work and Welfare as Determinants of Female Poverty and Household Headship

Danziger, Sheldon; Jakubson, George H.; Schwartz, Saul; Smolensky, Eugene

doi:10.2307/1885875

Cited by 73 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This moderate, but significant effect is consistent with other empirical work (Danziger et al, 1982;Ellwood & Bane, 1985). In a review of the literature, Ellwood and Crane (1990) point out that it appears that changes in welfare support have the most impact on young single mothers as they decide whether to live with their parents or to live independently as a female-headed family unit.…”

Section: Implications and Concluding Thoughtssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The adverse effects that these increases have on overall poverty rates and income levels are well documented (Bane, 1986;Danziger, Jakubson, Schwartz, & Smolensky, 1982), as are the adverse effects on certain subsegments of the population, especially women and children. While the increase in the incidence of female-headed families has been great for white families, going from 9.1 percent of all white families in 1970 to 12.9 percent in 1988, it has been even more pronounced for black families, going from 28.3 percent in 1970 to 42.8 percent in 1988 (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of local labor markets on black and white family structure

Seeborg

Jaeger

1993

The Journal of Socio-Economics

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This study employs 1980 census data to determine how economic characteristics affect the incidence of female headed families in metropolitan areas. The study also attempts to determine if black family structure responds differently than white family structure to changes in the variables studied. It is found that changes in employment of men and women may have profound effects on family structure. Changes in the level of welfare support are also found to affect family structure. Black family structure is found to behave somewhat differently than white, thus lending support to Wilson's theory of the underclass.

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Section: Implications and Concluding Thoughtssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of local labor markets on black and white family structure

Seeborg

Jaeger

1993

The Journal of Socio-Economics

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“…Hoffman, Duncan and Mincy (1991) find that women are more likely to be currently married, or unmarried but not on welfare, in states where AFDC benefits are less generous. Danziger et al (1982) consider the effects of the economic well being of women on their headship rates, and thereby infer a relatively small effect of AFDC benefits on female headship proportions.…”

Section: Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This appears to be a distinctive feature of the United States among high income countries (Smeeding and Torrey, 1988). Some worry that this child poverty problem is, in part, an unintended consequence of welfare increasing fertility, reducing marriage and reducing the incentive to work (Blank, 1985(Blank, , 1989Danziger et al, 1982;Ellwood and Bane, 1985;Ellwood and Crane, 1990;Levy, 1988;and Murray, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marital Status and Fertility in the United States: Welfare and Labor Market Effects

Schultz¹

1994

The Journal of Human Resources

101

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in ABSTRACTThe incidence of marriage and the proportion of childbearing that occurs within marriage has decreased sharply in the United States in the last several decades. This paper examines whether the probability that a woman is currently married and the number of children she has born, as reported in the 1980 U.S.Census, is related to two identifiable factors: the variation in welfare programs across states (specifically, AFDC and Medicaid benefits and AFDC-UP expenditures) or in market wage opportunities available to women and to their potential husbands. AFDC and Medicaid benefit levels are associated with fewer women being currently married. Medicaid benefits are related to lower fertility levels for both black and white women, whereas AFDC benefits in cash and food are associated with lower fertility among white women age 15 -24. Those states that extend AFDC benefits to families with Unemployed Parents (i.e. fathers in intact poor families) do not have significantly more women married or higher fertility rates, as might be expected from economic incentives. Men's market wages are associated with more frequent marriage and· higher fertility, whereas higher market wage opportunities for women have substantial effects in the opposite direction, all of which are consistent with standard models of gender specialization and the demand for marriage and fertility.

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“…For example, Danziger, et al (1982) use CPS data to estimate that the standard of living of households headed by women would increase greatly through marriage. Bane and Ellwood (1986) reach the same conclusion after examining PSID data for the 1970 to 1982 period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect Of Marital Status On The Standard Of Living Of Young Men And Women

Seeborg

2011

JBER

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The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth data base is used to explore the effects of changes in marital status on the standard of living of a sample of young adults. OLS regression analysis indicates that changes in marital status have very diff erent effects on young women and young men. Women receive large increases in their income-to-needs ratios when they marry, and they incur large declines in their income-to-needs ratios after experiencing a divorce or separation. Men, on the other hand, do not experience significant changes in their income-to-needs ratios when their marital status changes.

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Work and Welfare as Determinants of Female Poverty and Household Headship

Cited by 73 publications

References 4 publications

The impact of local labor markets on black and white family structure

The impact of local labor markets on black and white family structure

Marital Status and Fertility in the United States: Welfare and Labor Market Effects

The Effect Of Marital Status On The Standard Of Living Of Young Men And Women

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