Work, family, and personal characteristics explain occupational and gender differences in work–family conflict among Japanese civil servants

Koura, Uta; Sekine, Michikazu; Yamada, Masaaki; Tatsuse, Takashi

doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2017.08.010

Cited by 28 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…One explanation could be that women may experience conflicts between work and family more than men would, with small but significant gender differences. Higher female stress levels seem to be related to the multiple roles they are expected to fulfil [21, 22]. In the present study, female employees reported higher scores on “creativity”, “judgment”, and “social intelligence” than did male employees.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 42%

Character strengths as protective factors against depression and suicidality among male and female employees

Kim

Hong

et al. 2018

BMC Public Health

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BackgroundSo far, studies on workplace mental health have only focused on work-related environmental risk factors, disregarding both protective and individual factors of employees. Therefore, we aimed to identify character strengths that act as protective factors against depressive moods and suicidality in Korean employees.MethodsIn total, 84 male and 151 female employees (aged 19–50 years) reported their sociodemographic characteristics; depressive symptoms, as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory-II; suicidality, as measured by the Korean version of the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview suicidality module; and character strengths, as measured by the 24 Character Strength Alphas on the Values in Action Survey-72. We conducted a hierarchical logistic regression, in which depressive mood and suicidality served as the categorical outcome variables.ResultsIn females, scores on the “curiosity” (B = 1.107, Wald = 10.207, odds ratio = 3.026, p = .001) and “love” (B = .862, Wald = 5.767, odds ratio = 2.367, p = .016) sub scales of the 24 Character Strength Alphas on the Values in Action Survey-72 were statistically significant predictors of having depressive mood. Additionally, females’ scores on “judgment” (B = − 1.405, Wald = 5.663, odds ratio = .245, p = .017) and “kindness” (B = − 1.456, Wald = 6.486, odds ratio = .233, p = .011) were protective factors against suicidality. In males, the “love” (B = 1.746, Wald = 4.279, odds ratio = 5.729, p = .039) score was a predictor of having depressive mood, while “teamwork” (B = − 2.204, Wald = 4.666, odds ratio = .110, p = .031) and “creativity” (B = − 1.384, Wald = 4.202, odds ratio = .251, p = .040) scores were protective factors against having depressive mood and suicidality, respectively.ConclusionsWe suggest that focusing on “judgement” and “kindness” in female employees, and “teamwork” and “creativity” in male employees, and engaging in activities that use these strengths at the workplace can be protective factors against depression and suicidality. Future research should focus on developing interventions to promote these character strengths among employees at the workplace.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 42%

Character strengths as protective factors against depression and suicidality among male and female employees

Kim

Hong

et al. 2018

BMC Public Health

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“…The study population comprised the participants in the Japanese civil servants study (the JACS study) phase 2 and 3, which was conducted in collaboration with the Whitehall 2 study of British civil servants and the Helsinki Health Study (HHS) of civil servants of the city of Helsinki 4 , 16 , 17 , 18 ) . Phase 2 was conducted in January and February 2003 and phase 3 was conducted in January and February 2008.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several meta-analysis have found no gender differences in WFC 11 , 12 , 13 ) , but a cross-sectional study based on a representative sample of the Swiss employed population aged 20 to 64 (1,591 men and 1,661 women) has shown that gender acts as a moderator of WFC and that women experience higher WFC than men in the same occupational position; the study indicated that the lack of gender difference in WFC was artificial 14 ) . Our previous study of Japanese civil servants showed that women had higher WFC than men 4 ) . In another Japanese study the gender difference was also evident and the p-sex interaction was 0.02.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Double-income households have continued to increase since 2005 and now include the majority of Japanese couples 3) . These social backgrounds have advantages of women's social advancement and gender equality, but many workers feel conflicts from multiple roles and responsibilities in the family-life, workplace, and community 4) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Double-income households have continued to increase since 2005 and now include the majority of Japanese couples 3 ) . These social backgrounds have advantages of women’s social advancement and gender equality, but many workers feel conflicts from multiple roles and responsibilities in the family-life, workplace, and community 4 ) . Work-family conflict (WFC) has been defined as “a form of interrole conflict in which the role pressures from the work and family domains are mutually incompatible in some respect” 5 ) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The health effects of work-family conflict in men and women Japanese civil servants: a longitudinal study

et al. 2020

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High level of work-family conflict (WFC) is an important risk factor for stress-related health outcomes. However, many studies are cross-sectional studies. In this study, we aimed to clarify how changes in WFC levels over a period 5 years can affect workers' mental and physical health, and to clarify whether there are gender differences of them. Methods This study examined 1808 civil servants (1258 men and 550 women) aged 20-65 years working in a local government in the west coast of Japan from 2003 to 2008. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine whether the change in WFC contributes to workers' health problems and whether there are gender differences. Results This study revealed association sustained high WFC and deterioration of WFC conflict with poor mental health and poor job satisfaction for both men and women. In men high WFC conflict and deterioration was associated with poor mental health (OR=2.74). On 4 the other hand, women had strong relationship between WFC changes and poor physical health (OR=2.64). Conclusions WFC was an important factor as a social determinant of health of Japanese civil servants, and the change in WFC affects subsequent health problems with different trends in men and women.

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Work-Life Balance and Gender: Challenging Assumptions and Unravelling Complexity

McDowall

Kinman

2020

Aligning Perspectives on Health, Safety and Well-Being

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Work, family, and personal characteristics explain occupational and gender differences in work–family conflict among Japanese civil servants

Cited by 28 publications

References 28 publications

Character strengths as protective factors against depression and suicidality among male and female employees

Character strengths as protective factors against depression and suicidality among male and female employees

The health effects of work-family conflict in men and women Japanese civil servants: a longitudinal study

Work-Life Balance and Gender: Challenging Assumptions and Unravelling Complexity

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