Work-Family Conflict and Employee Sleep: Evidence from IT Workers in the Work, Family and Health Study

Buxton, Orfeu M.; Lee, Soomi; Beverly, Chloe; Berkman, Lisa F.; Moen, Phyllis; Kelly, Erin L.; Hammer, Leslie B.; Almeida, David M.

doi:10.5665/sleep.6172

Cited by 82 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Greater variability in WASO refers to greater irregularity in nighttime sleep quality, 21 which can be interpreted as a greater degree of daily fluctuation from his/her average sleep quality. Although longer WASO reflects poorer sleep quality, the person-level mean of WASO may indicate the individualized level of sleep quality (whether greater or lower).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, job titles were coded as core (=1; eg, software developers) vs noncore (=0; eg, technical support), following the practice in prior research. 21 In the IT firm, there was an organizational level merger and about half of employees had not yet received the intervention when merger was announced, whereas others had already received it. To take into account potential differences from this, we included an indicator for the event sequence between merger and intervention (0 = Intervention Premerger , 1 = Intervention Postmerger ) in our analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of note, this approach can estimate more robust variability than the individual SD (iSD) or variance approach because it is model-based and takes into account temporal dependence of data (day effect) as well as the effects of covariates on the mean level. 21,31 In this approach, however, we cannot test the statistical significance of slopes for an interaction in random effects. Thus, in the case of a significant interaction, we conducted a follow-up test taking quantified individual-level variances across days (iSD 2 ) as an outcome.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A great degree of variability in sleep may indicate irregular circadian rhythms and sleep patterns, 21 potentially increasing psychosomatic symptoms. 22 Daily variations in sleep, or within-person level sleep irregularity, 23 may reflect daily exposures to work-family conflict or other demands that impinge upon the physiologic drive for a regular sleep pattern.…”

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Age differences in workplace intervention effects on employees' nighttime and daytime sleep

et al. 2016

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Objectives To examine the effects of a workplace flexibility/support intervention on employees’ sleep quantity and quality during nights and days and whether the effects differ by employee age. Design Cluster-randomized controlled trial. Setting Information technology industry workplaces. Participants US employees (Mage = 46.9 years) at an information technology firm who provided actigraphy at baseline and a 12-month follow-up (N = 396; n = 195 intervention, n = 201 control). Intervention The Work, Family, and Health Study intervention aimed to increase workplace flexibility and support. The intervention consisted of facilitated discussions to help employees increase control over when and where they work as well as manager-specific training sessions to increase manager support for employees’ work-family issues. Measurements Nighttime sleep duration, wake after sleep onset (WASO), and nap duration were measured with wrist actigraphy. Day-to-day variability in these variables (min2) was also estimated. Results Intervention employees increased nighttime sleep duration at 12 months, by 9 minutes per day, relative to control employees. There were interaction effects between the intervention and age on daytime nap duration and day-to-day variability in WASO. Older employees (56–70 years) in the intervention condition decreased nap duration at 12 months relative to older employees in the control condition. Older employees in the intervention condition also exhibited a greater decrease in day-to-day variability of WASO at 12 months compared with their baseline. Conclusions The workplace flexibility/support intervention was effective in enhancing employees’ sleep health by increasing nighttime sleep duration. Furthermore, the intervention was particularly effective for older employees in decreasing their daytime nap duration and day-to-day variability in WASO.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Age differences in workplace intervention effects on employees' nighttime and daytime sleep

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“…9 Prior studies have shown that WFC is negatively associated with employees’ sleep quantity and quality. 10, 11 Most of these studies are cross-sectional and lacking the capacity to determine the causal direction between WFC and sleep. However, a few promising studies have also provided longitudinal evidence that WFC increases sleep problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of a cluster randomized controlled workplace intervention on sleep and work-family conflict outcomes in an extended care setting

et al. 2016

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Objectives To evaluate the effects of a workplace-based intervention on actigraphic and self-reported sleep outcomes in an extended care setting. Design Cluster randomized trial. Setting Extended-care (nursing) facilities. Participants US employees and managers at nursing homes. Nursing homes were randomly selected to intervention or control settings. Intervention The Work, Family and Health Study developed an intervention aimed at reducing work-family conflict within a 4-month work-family organizational change process. Employees participated in interactive sessions with facilitated discussions, role-playing, and games designed to increase control over work processes and work time. Managers completed training in family-supportive supervision. Measurements Primary actigraphic outcomes included: total sleep duration, wake after sleep onset, nighttime sleep, variation in nighttime sleep, nap duration, and number of naps. Secondary survey outcomes included work-to-family conflict, sleep insufficiency, insomnia symptoms and sleep quality. Measures were obtained at baseline, 6-months and 12-months post-intervention. Results A total of 1,522 employees and 184 managers provided survey data at baseline. Managers and employees in the intervention arm showed no significant difference in sleep outcomes over time compared to control participants. Sleep outcomes were not moderated by work-to-family conflict or presence of children in the household for managers or employees. Age significantly moderated an intervention effect on nighttime sleep among employees (p=0.040), where younger employees benefited more from the intervention. Conclusion In the context of an extended-care nursing home workplace, the intervention did not significantly alter sleep outcomes in either managers or employees. Moderating effects of age were identified where younger employees’ sleep outcomes benefited more from the intervention.

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Arthritis, Sleep Health, and Systemic Inflammation in Older Men

Lee

Stone

Engeland

et al. 2020

Arthritis Care & Research

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ObjectiveTo examine the associations of prevalent arthritis with systemic inflammation in older men and to test whether sleep health mediates the associations.MethodsCross‐sectional data came from 2,562 community‐dwelling older men (all were age 65 years or older; mean age 76 years) in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study who participated in a sleep ancillary study in 2003–2005. Participants were classified as having osteoarthritis (OA) (24%) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (0.7%) based on self‐reported diagnoses and medication use. We constructed a composite score of multidimensional sleep health (i.e., perceived sleep quality, sleepiness, frequency of daytime napping, wake after sleep onset, and sleep duration) measured by both self‐report and actigraphy. We also created binary indicators of elevated inflammation using C‐reactive protein (CRP) (>3 mg/liter) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) (>1.08 pg/ml) levels. Analyses controlled for age, diagnosed sleep disorders, body mass index, smoking status, relevant medication use, and comorbidities.ResultsOlder men with OA did not have higher risk of elevated CRP or IL‐6 levels. However, indirect associations of OA through sleep health were found. OA was associated with poorer sleep health, which was further associated with 16% higher odds of elevated CRP (P < 0.001) and 12% higher odds of elevated IL‐6 (P < 0.01) levels after controlling for OA. Older men with RA had higher odds of elevated CRP and IL‐6 levels, but the associations were not mediated by sleep health.ConclusionFindings suggest that promoting sleep health may help reduce the risk of systemic inflammation in older men with OA.

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Work-Family Conflict and Employee Sleep: Evidence from IT Workers in the Work, Family and Health Study

Cited by 82 publications

References 41 publications

Age differences in workplace intervention effects on employees' nighttime and daytime sleep

Age differences in workplace intervention effects on employees' nighttime and daytime sleep

The effects of a cluster randomized controlled workplace intervention on sleep and work-family conflict outcomes in an extended care setting

Arthritis, Sleep Health, and Systemic Inflammation in Older Men

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