Work function of stepped tungsten single crystal surfaces

Sensing Dipole Fields at Atomic Steps with Combined Scanning Tunneling and Force Microscopy

“…Besocke and Wagner found a decrease in ' proportional to the step density on Au(111) [2] and used this to estimate the average value of the step dipole. Similar results have been reported for Pt(111) and W(110) [3,4]. Calculations using the jellium model [5] predict that the localized step dipole increases with step height and screening length.…”

Deposition of potassium–oxygen on silicon surfaces by pulsed laser ablation of potassium superoxide: Study of work function changes

“…It is suggested that the surface dipole moment potential depends on the density of the surface atoms, while the work function value increases as the surface atomic density increases [58]. In fact, it is reported that the work function decreases as a function of surface step density [59], which can be explained by the Smoluchowski effect [60,61]. Indeed, the minimum work function observed on Si nanoparticles can also be explained by this same effect.…”

On the effective bare work function of bcc thermionic electrode materials

“…Particularly the planes with high work functions are difficult to deal with. An extrapolation of the experimentally determined work functions of Yang and Hudson [12] (see table 2) results in a work function for the (110) plane of #I = 5.11 eV, which is lower by 0.15 eV than found in the very careful work of Krahl-Urban et al [7]. For the comparison of the experimentally determined and the calculated work functions (see …”