Ethical competency is a matter of great importance in the public sector. The search for and promotion of ethical competence has most recently focused on professional organizations and their constituencies. Efforts to ascertain techniques for building and maintaining ethical competence are of particular interest. Not surprisingly, formal codes of ethics have become the centerpiece of discussion, but there is no consensus as to their effectiveness. Codes that include both aspirational goals and operational guidelines seem to better support the search for ethical competency, especially when they provide enforcement mechanisms.We will never bring disgrace on this our City by an act of dishonesty or cowardice. We will fight for the ideals and Sacred Things of the City both alone and with many. We will revere and obey the City's laws, and will do our best to incite a like reverence and respect in those above us who are prone to annul them or set them at naught. We will strive increasingly to quicken the public's sense of civic duty. Thus in all these ways we will transmit this City, not only not less, but greater and more beautiful than it was transmitted to us. (Athenian Oath) While the Athenian Oath (www.nlc.org/build-skills-and-networks/resources/cities-101/city-factoids/the-athenian-oath) may not be purely an ethics code in today's sense, the pledge to honor a code was arguably the underpinning of ancient Greek politics and culture (Gilman 2005), and it demonstrates that reliance on some form of written code enjoining people to adhere to ideals for the public good is as old as antiquity. However, the search for appropriate ethical standards as well as for appropriate ethical behavior continues to this day. To achieve the desired values 150 • Public inTegriTy sPring 2013