“…Retention rates, especially for URM students, are also influenced by other factors such as self-confidence, lack of academic goals, and inability to integrate academically into college life [2]. Moreover, the academic success rates of these students are significantly impacted by i) students' passion and motivation, ii) the effectiveness of introductory courses, and iii) the efficacy of advising, guidance, mentoring, and student learning support systems [3].…”