Work-related gender differences in physician-certified sick leave: a prospective study of the general working population in Norway

Sterud, Tom

doi:10.5271/sjweh.3427

Cited by 34 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The average number of participants in the included studies was 5831 (range: 925-21 834). Four studies were based on nationwide representative samples of the working population (36,38,39,54), whereas one study included data representative of a county (50). Seven studies included respondents from healthcare occupations (37,45,47,49,52,53,55).…”

Section: Descriptive Findings and Assessment Of Methodological Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the exception of one study from Belgium (44), all included studies originated from Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden). Thirteen studies had a prospective research design and included registry data on sickness absence (36)(37)(38)(39)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52). Two studies used a retrospective design with registry data on sickness absence (31,53).…”

Section: Descriptive Findings and Assessment Of Methodological Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Workplace bullying and sickness absence: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the research literature

Nielsen¹,

Indregard²,

Øverland³

2016

Scand J Work Environ Health

157

104

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Workplace bullying and sickness absence: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the research literature by Nielsen MB, Indregard AMR, Øverland S This review found that exposure to workplace bullying is a risk factor for later sickness absence. There is a shortage of studies on the moderators and mediators that can explain the relationship between bullying and absence. None of the identified studies examined if or how sickness absence increases the risk of later exposure to workplace bullying. Affiliation 359Review Scand J Work Environ Health. 2016;42(5):359-370. doi:10.5271/sjweh.3579 Workplace bullying and sickness absence: a systematic review and metaanalysis of the research literature Objective The association between workplace bullying and sickness absence remains unclear. This paper presents a systematic review and meta-analysis of research on the association. MethodWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published primary studies on workplace bullying and sickness absence. Studies based on prospective design or registry data on sickness absence were included. Cross-sectional studies with self-reported sickness absence were excluded.Results Seventeen primary studies were included in the review, sixteen originated from the Nordic countries and fifteen included registry data on sickness absence. All but one study found that exposure to workplace bullying was associated with increased risk of sickness absence. A meta-analysis of ten independent studies showed that exposure to bullying increased the risk of sickness absence (odds ratio 1.58, 95% CI 1.39-1.79). Five studies included variables that moderated the association between bullying and absenteeism. None of the studies included mediating variables. No studies examined sickness absence as a risk factor for later exposure to bullying. Following the GRADE guidelines, the evidence for an association between bullying and sickness absence is moderate.Conclusions Workplace bullying is a risk factor for sickness absence, but the mechanisms to explain this relationship are not sufficiently described. It is unclear whether sickness absence predicts later exposure to bullying. While, the methodological quality of the reviewed studies was high, the knowledge base is small. There is a need for more research on how and when bullying is related to sickness absence and the possible bidirectional relationships involved.

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Section: Descriptive Findings and Assessment Of Methodological Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Descriptive Findings and Assessment Of Methodological Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Workplace bullying and sickness absence: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the research literature

Nielsen¹,

Indregard²,

Øverland³

2016

Scand J Work Environ Health

157

104

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“…In conjunction with dual earner families and women's higher exposure to role conflicts and double burden [40,41], ERI and OC may be important contributors to higher sick leave rates among working women in Sweden and elsewhere [42,43]. Women's higher exposure to psychosocial work factors have recently been reported in a Norwegian study as contributing significantly to higher levels of sick leave among the women [44]. In a Canadian study, both work stress and imbalance between work and family life have been associated with mood and anxiety disorders [45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, mental health of women working with the provision of welfare services is hampered by the lack of appreciation for their efforts in their work, while mental health of women working in private sector is mostly affected by anxiety over their more precarious position in the labour market [36]. Both situations can be understood by applying the prevailing gender norm context where women are expected to take the major responsibility for the caring needs in society [42,44,45]. Even though gender norms are gradually changing over time and space, women are still to a high degree employed in public welfare services and hold less favourable positions in the male-dominated market competitive private sector [36].…”

Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effort–reward imbalance, overcommitment and their associations with all-cause and mental disorder long-term sick leave – A case-control study of the Swedish working population

Lidwall

2016

Int J Occup Med Environ Health

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Objectives: To investigate if effort-reward imbalance (ERI) and overcommitment (OC) are associated with all-cause and mental disorder long-term sick leave (LS), and to identify differences in associations between genders, private versus public sector employees and socioeconomic status groups. Material and Methods: The study uses a cross-sectional case-control design with a sample of 3477 persons on long-term sick leave of more than 59 days and a control group of 2078 in employment. Data on sick leave originate from social insurance registers, while data on health, working and living conditions were gathered through a survey. The binary logistic regression was used to test the multivariate associations. Results: Effort-reward imbalance was associated with all-cause LS among the women (odds ratio (OR) = 1.58, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2-2.08), but not among the men. Associations for mental disorder LS were evident for both ERI and OC among both genders (ERI/OC: women OR = 2.76/2.82; men OR = 2.18/2.92). For the men these associations were driven by high effort, while for the women it was low job esteem in public sector and low job security in private sector. Among the highly educated women, ERI was strongly related to mental disorder LS (OR = 6.94, 95% CI: 3.2-15.04), while the highly educated men seemed to be strongly affected by OC for the same outcome (OR = 5.79, 95% CI: 1.48-22.57). Conclusions: The study confirmed the independent roles of ERI and OC for LS, with stronger associations among the women and for mental disorders. The ERI model is a promising tool that can contribute to understanding the prevailing gender gap in sick leave and increasing sick leave due to mental disorders. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2016;29(6):973-989

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“…En fersk undersøkelse med kontroll for arbeidsforhold er Sterud (2014). I denne studien ble det benyttet data fra Statistisk sentralbyrås levekårsun-dersøkelse i 2009, som spesielt tok for seg arbeidsforhold.…”

Section: Kontroll For Arbeidsforholdunclassified

Kvinner og sykefravær

Mastekaasa¹

2016

TFV

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Professor -Institutt for sosiologi og samfunnsgeografi, Universitetet i Oslo, arne.mastekaasa@sosgeo.uio.no Det er lite støtte for hypotesen om at kvinner har høyere sykefravaer enn menn på grunn av mer belastende arbeidsforhold. Også hypotesen om at kombinasjonen av ansvar for barn og betalt arbeid kan forklare det høye sykefravaeret, får begrenset støtte. Det er flere tegn som tyder på at kjønnsforskjeller i helse eller reaksjoner på helseproblemer utvikles tidlig og før så vel familieetablering som starten på yrkeskarrieren. Dette tyder på at enten forskjeller i biologi eller i den tidlige sosialiseringen av gutter og jenter kan vaere viktige faktorer. NøkkelordSykefravaer, kjønn, arbeidsforhold, omsorgsoppgaver, ungdom, medisinbruk. Women and Sick LeaveThe article provides an overview of the state of knowledge regarding women's high levels of sickness absence. There is little support for the idea that women have higher sickness absence than men because of less healthy working conditions. The hypothesis that women's sickness absence is due to the combination of responsibility for children and paid employment also receives, at best, limited support. On the other hand, gender differences in health or in ways of dealing with illness seem to develop at an early stage, and earlier than both family formation and the start of the work career. This suggests that gender differences in sickness absence may to a considerable extent be due to biological factors or to differences in the socialization of boys and girls.

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Work-related gender differences in physician-certified sick leave: a prospective study of the general working population in Norway

Cited by 34 publications

References 28 publications

Workplace bullying and sickness absence: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the research literature

Workplace bullying and sickness absence: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the research literature

Effort–reward imbalance, overcommitment and their associations with all-cause and mental disorder long-term sick leave – A case-control study of the Swedish working population

Kvinner og sykefravær

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