Work stressors and vicarious trauma among South African Police Service members

Law enforcement mental health: A systematic review of qualitative research.

“…Participants also mentioned specific emotional, cognitive, and behavioral symptoms that map onto clinically relevant diagnoses, including depressive, anxiety, or trauma-related disorders (see Table 4). Other noteworthy clinical problems discussed included “addiction” ( n = 4; Anderson et al, 2022; Bullock & Garland, 2018; Edwards & Kotera, 2021; Turner & Jenkins, 2019), “vicarious trauma” ( n = 9; Deschênes et al, 2018; Evans et al, 2013; Gumani, 2017, 2022; Hofer et al, 2021; Parkes et al, 2019; Rudd & D’Andrea, 2015; Sigad et al, 2016; Willemse, 2021), “burnout” ( n = 7; Dick, 2000; Jackman et al, 2021; Jetelina, Beauchamp, et al, 2020; McCormack & Riley, 2016; Regehr et al, 2003; Ricciardelli & Carleton, 2022; Singh & Kar, 2015; Tapson et al, 2022), “presenteeism, absenteeism, or turnover” ( n = 4; Edwards & Kotera, 2021; Jackman et al, 2021; Parkes et al, 2019; Turner & Jenkins, 2019), and “moral injury or organizational betrayal” ( n = 11; Anderson et al, 2022; Bullock & Garland, 2018; Dick, 2000; Hartman & Ellis, 2022; Jackman et al, 2021; McCormack & Riley, 2016; Regehr et al, 2003; Ricciardelli & Carleton, 2022; Tapson et al, 2022; Willemse, 2021; Wills et al, 2021).…”

“…Specific references to difficulties tolerating emotional and perceptual aspects of traumatic events were common. Specifically, these experiences included exposure to illegal sexually offensive material (Parkes et al, 2019; Tapson et al, 2022); responding to suicides (Koch, 2010; Pogrebin & Poole, 1991; Spence & Millott, 2016); child abuse or child death (Pogrebin & Poole, 1991; Rudd & D’Andrea, 2015; Sigad et al, 2016); domestic violence (Jackman et al, 2021); in-custody crises (i.e., deaths and altercations; Ricciardelli & Carleton, 2022); and scenes involving deceased persons that required collecting evidence, transport, or working with a medical examiner’s office (Gumani, 2022; Jackman et al, 2021). Other stressful experiences included the public inquiry process (Regehr et al, 2003) and medical retirement due to mental health difficulties (Bullock & Garland, 2018; McCormack & Riley, 2016).…”

“…Participants also mentioned specific emotional, cognitive, and behavioral symptoms that map onto clinically 4). Other noteworthy clinical problems discussed included "addiction" (n = 4; Anderson et al, 2022;Bullock & Garland, 2018;Edwards & Kotera, 2021;Turner & Jenkins, 2019), "vicarious trauma" (n = 9; Deschênes et al, 2018;Evans et al, 2013;Gumani, 2017Gumani, , 2022Parkes et al, 2019;Rudd & D'Andrea, 2015;Sigad et al, 2016;Willemse, 2021), "burnout" (n = 7; Dick, 2000;Jackman et al, 2021; This document is copyrighted by the American Psychological Association or one of its allied publishers. This article is intended solely for the personal use of the individual user and is not to be disseminated broadly.…”